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Pharmacology test 1-Unitek College questions and answers
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Pharmacology test 1-Unitek College questions and answers
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Pharmacology test 1-Unitek Collegequestions and answers
Factors that affect drug therapy - Answer -Age, Gender, body weight, metabolism
placebo effect - Answer -A drug dosage form, (ex: tablet or capsule) that has no
pharmacologic activity because the dosage form has NO active ingredients.
Metabolic Rate (MR) - Answer -Patients with a HIGHER metabolic rate (ex: patients
with Hyperthyroidism) metabolize drugs more rapidly, requiring larger doses or more
frequent administration.
Patients with a LOWER metabolic rate (ex: Hypothyroidism) chronic smoking patients
enhances the metabolism of drugs, thereby also requiring larger doses to be
administered more frequently for a therapeutic effect.
illness - Answer -Patients who suffer with a pathologic condition may affect the rate of
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug.
Psychology - Answer -A patients attitude and their expectations play a major role in their
response to therapy and in his or her own willingness to take the medication as
prescribed.
Tolerance - Answer -Occurs when a patient requires a higher dosage of medication to
produce the same effects that a lower dose once provided. (Ex: a person addicted to
heroin, after a few weeks of use, they tend to want more or increase their drug use to
provide the same "High".) they build a higher tolerance to other drugs than an average
person would need.
drug dependance (addiction) - Answer -Drug taking becomes compulsive, taking
precedence over other needs
- Loss of control of his or her desire
The dependence becomes physiologic, where the patient develops withdrawals when
they don't have the drug available over a period of time.
Or they can become psychologically dependent where the patient becomes emotionally
attached to a drug.
cumulative effect - Answer -Whereby a drug can accumulate in the body if another dose
is given before the first dose has had time to metabolize or excrete.
, drug accumulation - Answer -Results in drug toxicity, when the rate of consumption can
exceed the rate of time needed for a drug to metabolize and excrete (ex: a person who
is drinking too much alcohol and becomes "drunk" or "inebriated".
Carcinogenicity - Answer -Is the ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and
become cancerous.
Absorption can influence drug actions - Answer -Absorption- Refers to the process by
which drugs are absorbed by the body.
1) orally =by mouth - most common way
2) GI tract= enterally
3) IM= in the muscle
4) IV = in the vein
5) percutaneous = through the skin or mucous membranes (Topical gel)
Age can influence drug actions - Answer -Pediatric and geriatric patients require special
consideration when medication is administered.
Differences in muscle mass, blood flow and inactivity in patients who are bedridden
make absorption unpredictable.
(Ex: topical administration with percutaneous absorption is very effective on infants
because ( stratum Corneum) outer layer of skin is not fully developed making water-
soluble drugs easily absorbed.
Geriatric patients - Answer -May have difficulty with swallowing large tablets or capsules
because with aging patients they have a reduced salivary flow, false teeth or loose teeth
that can make it difficult to chew and swallow.
Tablets - Answer -Tablets may need to be broken in half or crushed ONLY if there is a
score mark on the tablet
Time release tablets, enteric- coated tablets and sublingual tablets should never be
crushed because it will increase the absorption rate and cause a potential for toxicity.
Pregnant patients - Answer -Fetuses are particularly sensitive to toxic substances while
in utero due to:
1) fewer circulating proteins that can bind drugs
2) their Enzyme systems which metabolize drugs are not yet developed or still
immature.
3) their excretory systems are minimally functioning
Because of the potential for injury to the developing fetus, drug therapy during
pregnancy should be avoided if possible.
Teratogen drugs - Answer -Cause abnormal development of important organs and
tissues of a fetus
Birth defects are imminent.
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