BIOD 101 Module 5 (EXAM) Latest Update 2024-
2025 Actual Exam Questions and 100% Verified
Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
Briefly describe the process of phosphorylation. - CORRECT ANSWER:
Phosphorylation is the reversible process of adding a phosphate to one or more sites on
a molecule to activate it (turn it "on") or inactivate it (turn it "off").
Each of the following is true regarding cellular receptors except:
1. Receptors in each family are classified by their location in the body.
2. Most receptors are located on the outside of a cell, anchored in the plasma
membrane.
3. Cell surface receptors contain an extracellular region, intracellular region, and a
hydrophobic region in the plasma membrane.
4. Intracellular receptors are located in the cell's cytoplasm. - CORRECT ANSWER:
Receptors in each family are classified by their location in the body.
Explain how a cellular signaling pathway is terminated. - CORRECT ANSWER: Ligands
binding to their receptors is a reversible phenomenon. As the concentration of signaling
ligands decreases, fewer molecules bind to the receptors to initiate a transduction
pathway and response. When the receptors are not being activated, the cell returns to a
resting, inactive state.
Explain how the activation of mitochondrial proteins induce apoptosis. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Upon activation of these proteins, a conformational change occurs, allowing
these proteins to form tiny, molecular pores. The resulting pores cause the
, mitochondrial outer membrane to leak, which releases other pro-apoptotic proteins
which work to degrade and disassemble the inner contents of the cell.
Explain the relationship between cancer development and apoptosis. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Cells that undergo apoptosis typically have something wrong with them. This
process helps to maintain normal cell functioning and growth. When cells resist
apoptosis and continue to divide, cancer can often develop.
Explain why a steroid hormone would require a carrier protein to transport it through the
bloodstream. - CORRECT ANSWER: Steroid hormones are hydrophobic. They would
require a carrier protein to carry it through the blood because it is considered
hydrophilic.
Fill in the Blank in the following paragraph describing the signaling pathway.
Signaling begins when an extracellular ___________ binds to a receptor anchored
within the plasma membrane. Relay molecules and scaffolding proteins ___________
the signal to activate a cellular response. - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Ligands
2. Transduce
Fill in the Blank:
For most biological processes, a typical response would be the release of ___________
of molecules every ___________ that binds. - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Millions
2. Ligand
Fill in the Blank:
G proteins share the broad function of ___________ GTP to GDP. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Hydrolyzing (breaking down).
Fill in the Blank:
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