PALS Anatomy Question and answers already passed PALS Anatomy
The adult larynx is cylindrical with the narrowest opening at the level of the vocal cords
The larynx of infants and young children is funnel shaped. The airway continues to taper below the vocal cords to the cricoid cartilage, whi...
PALS Anatomy
The adult larynx is cylindrical with the narrowest opening at the level of the
vocal cords
The larynx of infants and young children is funnel shaped. The airway
continues to taper below the vocal cords to the cricoid cartilage, which is the
narrowest point, and it creates a nondistensible ring - correct answer ✔
In infants and todlers the tongue and epiglottis are relatively large and can
contribute to airway obstruction. In addition the larynx is positioned more
superiorly and anteriorly than in adults. The airway is always anterior to the
esophagus. The cricoid cartilage is the only complete cartilage ring located
below the vocal cords - correct answer ✔
What is the main function of the respiratory system? - correct answer ✔Gas
exchange is the main function
What is gas exchange? - correct answer ✔Air is taken into the lungs with
inspiration. from there O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, where some
O2 dissolves in plasma.
Most O2 that enters the blood is? - correct answer ✔Attached (saturated or
bound) to hemoglobin.
The percent of hemoglobin that is saturated with O2 is called? - correct
answer ✔Oxygen saturation
What happens when Blood passes through the lungs? - correct answer
✔CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled.
,Acute respiratory problems can result from __________ in any part of this
_____________ from the __________ to the _________ - correct answer
✔Alterations, systems, airway, alveoli
What impairs respiration control?
Muscle weakness and what else effects oxygenation and ventilation? - correct
answer ✔Central nervous system disease
seizures or head trauma
This can impair respiration control leading to decreased respiratory rate.
Muscle weakness, either primary ( e.g. muscular dystrophy) or secondary
(e.g. fatigue) may also impair oxygenation or ventilation
Why do children have a high metabolic rate? - correct answer ✔O2 demand
per kilogram of body weight is high. O2 consumption in infants is 6 to 8 ml/Kg
per minute, compared to 3 to 4 mL/kg per minute in adults.
Children develop hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia more quickly than adults bc
of their - correct answer ✔Higher metabolic rates
If a child has apnea or inadequate alveolar ventilation what can they develop
quicker? - correct answer ✔Hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia and develop
more rapidly
respiratory problems can result in? - correct answer ✔Hypoxemia,
Hypercarbia, a combination or hypoxemia and hypercarbia (increased CO2 in
blood).
, O2 saturation? - correct answer ✔The amount of oxygen bound to
hemoglobin (SaO2) in comparison with the amount of oxygen the hemoglobin
can carry (SpO2).
Normal spontaneous breathing can be described as what? - correct answer
✔Breathing which is quiet with unlabored, smooth inspiration and passive
expiration
What are the important factors associated with increased WOB? - correct
answer ✔1 Increased airway resistance
2 Decreased lung compliance
3 Use of accessory muscles or respirations
4 Disordered CNS control of breathing
Whats airway resistance? - correct answer ✔The impedance to airflow within
the airways, is primarily increased by reducing the size of the conducting
airways, either by airway constriction or inflammation.
Turbulent airflow causes? How does airflow become turbulent? - correct
answer ✔Also causes increased airway resistance.
Airflow becomes turbulent when the flow rate increased, even if the airway
size remains unchanged.
Increased airway resistance does what to WOB? - correct answer ✔WOB
increases in an attempt to maintain airflow despite the increase in airway
resistance.
Larger airways provide ________ __________ to airflow than ________ -
correct answer ✔Lower resistance, smaller
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