NSG 310 Quiz #6. Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What are obstructive pulmonary diseases characterized by? - answer✔✔An increase in resistance
to airflow from the trachea and larger bronchi to the terminal and respiratory bronchioles,
making gas exchange more difficult
Are emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis examples of obstructive or
restrictive pulmonary diseases? - answer✔✔Obstructive
What are restrictive pulmonary diseases characterized by? - answer✔✔Reduced expansion of
lung tissue, with decreased total lung capacity
Is the following statement characteristic of restrictive or obstructive lung disease?
"The lungs are stiff and noncompliant" - answer✔✔Restrictive
Are hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, and thoracic cage
deformities examples of restrictive or obstructive pulmonary diseases? - answer✔✔Restrictive
Hyperreactive airway disease is more commonly known as... - answer✔✔Asthma
What is asthma? - answer✔✔A chronic inflammatory disorder that causes reversible airway
constriction because of bronchial hyperreactivity
What is the aim of treatment for asthma? - answer✔✔To prevent acute asthma attacks
True or false? If false, why?
Acute asthma attacks cause temporary inflammatory changes in the bronchioles that resolve after
the attack ends - answer✔✔False! Acute asthma attacks cause permanent changes to the
bronchioles
List the different causes of asthma. - answer✔✔Allergens, viral, exercise-induced, GERD,
occupational exposure, pollutants, and chronic sinusitis (aspirin/NSAIDs)
What is the most common cause of asthma? - answer✔✔Allergens (such as pollen, pet dander,
and smoke)
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
,What is asthma characterized by? - answer✔✔Wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, chest tightness,
and use of accessory muscles
How is asthma diagnosed? - answer✔✔Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), physical assessment,
lab findings, and patient history
What is a pulmonary function test (PFT)? - answer✔✔A series of tests that measures the
patient's ability to ventilate (it finds their tidal volume)
What are the categories of asthma? - answer✔✔There are 4 categories ranging from mild
intermittent to severe persistent
What are rescue medications for asthma? - answer✔✔Short-acting bronchodilators used for
acute asthma attacks; rapid-acting adrenergic beta-2 antagonists
What are maintenance medications for asthma? - answer✔✔Long-acting bronchodilators and
anti-inflammatory corticosteroids
What is prednisone? - answer✔✔A corticosteroid that reduces inflammation
What are common maintenance medications used to treat asthma? - answer✔✔Adrenergic beta-2
antagonists, corticosteroids, anticholinergics, and theophylline
What is theophylline? - answer✔✔A bronchodilator used to treat asthma; maintenance
What is fluticasone? - answer✔✔An inhaled corticosteroid
What are anticholinergics? - answer✔✔Medications that relax the airways and prevent them
from getting narrower; used as maintenance medications for asthma
How is theophylline administered? - answer✔✔Orally
What are common rescue medications used to treat asthma? - answer✔✔Oral corticosteroids,
albuterol bronchodilator inhaler, and sub Q epinephrine (emergently)
How are adrenergic beta-2 antagonists administered? - answer✔✔Via an inhaler
What is status asthmaticus? - answer✔✔Persistent bronchoconstriction that endures despite
attempts to treat the attack with various medications; causes uneven distribution of ventilation,
causing dramatic drops in arterial oxygenation
True or false? If false, why?
Status asthmaticus lowers the patient's quality of life, but is not fatal - answer✔✔False! It can be
fatal because it causes dramatic drops in arterial oxygenation
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
, What is COPD? - answer✔✔A combination of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and
hyperreactive airway disease
What does COPD stand for? - answer✔✔Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
How is COPD characterized? - answer✔✔By the features of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and
hyperreactive airway disease
___% of patients with COPD are smokers - answer✔✔90%
What is the biggest risk factor for COPD? - answer✔✔Smoking
What are causes of COPD other than smoking? - answer✔✔Occupational and environmental
exposures to chemicals, dusts, and secondhand smoke
COPD is caused by a combination of _____ susceptibility and _____ factors -
answer✔✔Genetic; environmental
A deficiency in which protein causes a predisposition to COPD? - answer✔✔Alpha-1 antitrypsin
(AAT) deficiency
If a patient has chronic bronchitis in COPD, does this mean they cannot get air into or out of the
lungs? - answer✔✔Into
What criteria must be met for a patient to be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis? -
answer✔✔They must have had a cough for 3 months out of the year for 2 consecutive years
What are the characteristic features of chronic bronchitis? - answer✔✔Hypersecretion of mucus
in the large and small airways, hypoxia, and cyanosis
What is the focus of treatment for COPD? - answer✔✔Quality of life and comfort
What is barrel chest? - answer✔✔When the ribcage stays partially expanded all of the time due
to the lungs being chronically overinflated; this increases the patient's AP ratio to 1:1 instead of
1:2
What is a normal AP ratio? - answer✔✔1:2
What AP ratio is found with barrel chest? - answer✔✔1:1
What are characteristic features of emphysema (in COPD)? - answer✔✔Overdistention of
alveoli with trapped air (this creates obstruction to expiratory airflow), loss of elastic recoil of the
alveoli, and high residual volume of CO2 in the lungs
If a patient has emphysema in COPD, does this mean they cannot get air into or out of the lungs?
- answer✔✔Out of
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
