8/5/24, 2:28 AM
FINAL EXAM-LATE ADULTHOOD
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (47)
the science that describes populations, including population by cohort, age, gender,
Demographics religion, education, et cetera. demographics influences how older adults are taken care
of within the context of family.
Late adulthood is considerd 60 +
Ageism discrimination based on age this can apply to all ages
Gerontology the discipline associated with non medical aging
Geriatrics medical treatment and care of old age
the maximum years that a member of a particular species can live
Lifespan ex:the oldest living person
ex: an olive tree has can live more than a 1,000 years
the actual number of years that a person lives
Longevity
ex:Mr. Smith lived to be 75 years of age and then passed away
Life expectancy the number of years that one is expected to live based on birth year projections
Biological aging also known as senescence
those biological changes that are universal(it impacts everyone), inevitable(it will affect
everyone if they live to be a certain age), and are disease free aging
Biological aging (Primary aging)
ex: skin creasing, wrinkles appearing, hair turning gray, hair thinning, voice changes, loss
of bone density, and slight increase in blood pressure levels.
aging that is not inevitable ( it doesn't happen just because you are aging), it is not
universal (it does not affect everyone) and it is considered disease related aging. This
type of aging process results from disease. It may occurs from bodily use, disuse,
abuse, and sometimes they maybe preventable.
Biological aging (Secondary aging)
ex: sunscreen usage being absent, a person develops melanoma or something of the
skin then you are looking at because one spent excess hours sunbathing and didn't
choose adequate protection, that there was some level of abuse of the skin that
occurred and it might have accelerated aging
include feeding oneself, staying dry with regard to urination, bladder control, being
Activities of Daily Living (ALDs)
able to get in and out of bed, which is called transferring, toileting, dressing, bathing.
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require little more cognitive capacity; shopping, preparing food (knowing when to
prepare your meal), housekeeping, handling your finances (knowing how to balance
Instrumental Activites of Daily Living (IADLs)
your checkbook so your checks don't bounce)., handling medication, doing laundry,
using transportation
The two broad theories on why people age genetic programming and variable rate
include
aging is programmed into us.The idea that it's in our genetic makeup. Aging is the result
Why do people age? of sequential switching on and off certain genes. This is the time when the resulting AGE
Genetic-programming theories: associated deficits become evident.
Programmed senescence theory ex: Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome or progeria, is a very rare, fatal genetic condition. It is
characterized by an appearance of and accelerated aging in children
Why do people age? the biological clock acts to genes that control hormonal changes resulting in loss of
Genetic-programming theories:Endocrine muscle strength, accumulation of fat, a trophy, or weakening of the organs, all related
theory to declines in hormonal activity
certain genes may cause problems in the immune system. As we get older, our immune
Why do people age?
system is less able to fight off infectious diseases. It has a greater vulnerability to
Genetic-programming
disability disorders, et cetera. And, and thus this leads to aging and eventual death. , -
theories:Immunological theory
leads to the increased susceptibility to diseases, infections, cancer, and etc.
-reproductive fitness is the primary aim of
natural selection
-natural selection acts more strongly on the young who have many years of potential
reproduction ahead of them. As we get older, after the reproduction has seized, the
Why do people age? molecular integrity of the body, cells and systems begins to weaken any deteriorates
Genetic-programming theories:Evolutionary beyond the body's ability to repair them or fight them off. This results in an increased
theory vulnerability to disease and death. The deterioration occurs because there is really no
selective pressure to prevent it once your genes have been passed on to the next
generation. aging is an evolved trait.
Genes that promote the production are selected at higher rates than genes that extend
life.
explain biological aging as the result of processes that involve damage to biological
Variable-rate theories
systems and that vary from person to person. Also known as error theories
the body ages as a result of accumulated damage to the system at the molecular level.
The body cells constantly multiply through cell divisions, but as cells age, some
become damaged or useless and they are now replaced in order for organs and body
systems to function effectively. If a person's body is unable to do this, it eventually runs
Why do people age?
down. This may be a combination of both internal factors as well as external factors that
Variable-rate theories: Wear and tear theory
may aggravate the wearing down process
ex: at birth, your lungs up pink, but as soon as you ought exposed to having to breath
all the toxins, pollutants in the environment b/c of constant wear and tear, the various
systems begin to wear down.
Free radicals are essentially molecules with unpaired electrons(unstable molecules).
They're highly reactive because they want to steal electrons from neighboring atoms.
Aging is believed to result from the formation of free radicals during the process of
Why do people age?
metabolism, a byproduct of metabolism. These free radical, they just start to attack cell
Variable-rate theories: Free-radical theory
membranes, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and even DNA. And this free radical damage
starts to accumulate and it's associated with arthritis, muscular dystrophy, cataracts,
cancer, late onset diabetes, and even neurological disorders like Parkinson's, et cetera
there is a balance between metabolism or energy use and lifespan.The faster our
Why do people age? body's metabolism, the shorter its lifespan and vice versa. That is, the slower a person's
Variable-rate theories: Rate of living theory metabolism, the longer lifespan.
ex: hummingbird is predicted to have a far shorter life than a slo
FINAL EXAM-LATE ADULTHOOD
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