Nursing 2050 Exam 1 Questions Correctly
Answered
What is physiology? - answerthe way the body works to maintain homeostasis
What is pathophysiology? - answerthe way the body works by getting out of homeostasis
What are the three major eliminators? - answerLungs, kidneys, bowels
Which tubes pro...
What is physiology? - answer✔✔the way the body works to maintain homeostasis
What is pathophysiology? - answer✔✔the way the body works by getting out of homeostasis
What are the three major eliminators? - answer✔✔Lungs, kidneys, bowels
Which tubes propel urine from the kidneys to the bladder? - answer✔✔Ureters
Which tube takes the urine from the bladder to the outside world? - answer✔✔Urethra
What is the bladder? - answer✔✔a muscular sac that acts as a reservoir for urine until a
sufficient amount collects to be voided
How much can the average adult bladder hold? - answer✔✔600ml
When does the average trigger for urination occur? - answer✔✔200ml
When the bladder is being filled with urine, this is considered what? - answer✔✔urinary systole
How long is the urethra in a female? - answer✔✔1.5-2.5 inches
How long is the urethra in a male? - answer✔✔7-8 inches
Who is more prone to UTIs and why? - answer✔✔Females, shorter urethra for higher risk of
bacteria build-up
What are the three words used for urine elimination? - answer✔✔urination, micturition, voiding
What is the main force of urination? - answer✔✔Contraction of the detrusor muscle
What is the detrusor muscle? - answer✔✔muscle of the bladder
In order for a person to urinate, what must happen? - answer✔✔Detrusor muscle must contract,
urinary sphincters and pelvic floor must relax
What is needed for urination to be under voluntary control (under normal circumstances)? -
answer✔✔neurological development
When do children begin to have the proper development for daytime voluntary urination? -
answer✔✔ages 2-3
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
,When do children begin to have the proper development for nighttime voluntary urination? -
answer✔✔ages 4-6
Which type of bladder is nicknamed the "reflex" bladder? - answer✔✔spastic bladder
What are the characteristics of a spastic bladder? - answer✔✔reflex arch is intact, upper motor
neuron is diseased , frequent voiding with small amounts of urine
Spastic bladders are prone to what? - answer✔✔incontinence (but not UTIs)
Which type of bladder does not have a reflex arch? - answer✔✔flaccid bladder
What are the traits of a flaccid bladder? - answer✔✔reflex arch is not intact, lower motor neuron
is diseased, zero contraction of detrusor muscle, bladder continues to fill and rarely emptied
What are the signs of a flaccid bladder? - answer✔✔Patient would not be voiding
High residual in bladder/catheter
Always urine sitting in bladder
At high risk for UTIs
True or false: flaccid bladders also raise a high concern for incontinence - answer✔✔false
What are the three classes of urinary tract infections? - answer✔✔pre-renal, intra-renal, post
renal
A patient has congested heart failure, when the heart contracts, only 10% of the blood actually
leaves through the aorta. Which type of UTI would this be? - answer✔✔pre-renal
What causes diabetics and people with multiple sclerosis to be prone to UTIs? -
answer✔✔peripheral neuropathy
What are the effects of peripheral neuropathy? - answer✔✔inability to recognize the need to
void
reflex arch is affected
What can happen if the prostate gland overgrows? - answer✔✔constricts the urethra, urethra
cannot contract, no urination
What type of UTI would an overgrown prostate gland cause? - answer✔✔post renal
Can caffeine increase or decrease urination? Rationale is..... - answer✔✔increase; stimulate that
irritates the bladder
Alcohol can ______ urination because________. - answer✔✔increase; it decreased the
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
, Diuresis can _________ urination because___________. - answer✔✔Increase; it increased the
production of urine (gets patient to pee)
Fevers ________ urination because __________. - answer✔✔Decrease; burns off fluid in the
body (quickly)
Dehydration__________ urination because___________. - answer✔✔Decreases; person does
not have enough fluid stored in the body--body will hold onto what it considers important (not
volume in the kidneys)
NPO diet ___________ urination because___________. - answer✔✔Decreases; cannot do
anything--still getting liquids through IV-not going to the kidney
Surgery can ____________ urination because ____________. - answer✔✔Decrease; anesthetics
are given, causes bladder atney
Anesthetics _______ urination. - answer✔✔Decrease (cannot feel the urge to urinate)
Diuretics _______ urination. - answer✔✔increase
Anticholinergics ______ urination because_________. - answer✔✔Decrease; they stimulate the
SANS-activates the fight or flight characteristics, everything dries up, prohibiting urinary
activity
Wherever _____ goes, water goes. - answer✔✔sodium
What is urinary retention? - answer✔✔inability to partially or completely empty the bladder
What can cause urinary retention? - answer✔✔blockage that does not allow urine to leave
(maybe a kidney stone or patient cannot feel the urge to urinate UMN issue)
What are the two types of urinary retention? - answer✔✔with overflow
without overflow
What happens in urinary retention with overflow? - answer✔✔bladder continues to fill,
eventually stretches on urinary sphincter and leakage begins
What happens in urinary retention without overflow? - answer✔✔patients use small amounts of
fluid-urinate in small amounts-what is let in the bladder is a large amount of urine
What is used to see how much urine is left in the bladder? - answer✔✔bladder scanner
What is the average time a person should void? - answer✔✔Every 8 hours
What is the typical DTV (due to void) order given and the time when nurses start to implement
measures to promote urination? - answer✔✔Every 6 hours
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
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