Biology 104: Plant Exam with correct
Answers
What are the characteristics of a plant? - Answer -A multicellular, eukaryotic,
autotrophic organism with a cell wall (cellulose), performs photosynthesis, store starch,
non mobile, alternation of generations, reproductive protection tissue
From what organism did plants evolve? - Answer -Charophytes (green algae)
What are the adaptations of plants to life on land? - Answer -the need for a constant
supply of water (roots), the need for as much energy (leaves for surface area), need gas
exchange w/o losing water (cuticle prevents desiccation and stoma controls gas
movement), photosynthetic tissue exposure (stems), water and nutrient transport (xylem
and phloem), repro without water (seeds)
Know the alternation of generation life cycle? - Answer -know!
Which stages/structures are haploid and diploid? - Answer -haploid (gametophyte ,
gametes, spores), diploid (sporophyte, zygote)
Generation dominant in nonvascular? Vascular seedless? Vascular seeded? - Answer -
Nonvascular (gametophyte), an vascular (sporophyte)
Know the effect of evolution on the sporophyte & gametophyte generation as plants
evolved from nonvascular, vascular nonseeded, vascular naked seeds, vascular
covered seeds? - Answer -a larger sporophyte generation and a smaller gametophyte
generation
vascular plants (tracheophytes) - Answer -contain xylem and phloem that are bundled
together to transport water and nutrients, in sporophyte, lignin, roots, leaves, stems,
larger and often dry land
Vascular - Answer -ferns, club mosses, horsetails, whiskferns, gingkoe, conifers,
cycads, gnetophytes, flowering plants
Nonvascular plants (bryophytes) - Answer -Do not have vascular tissues to conduct
water and provide support, small, moist environment, archegonia and antheridia,
gametophyte is dominant
, nonvascular - Answer -mosses, liverworts, hornworts
What were the first plants to adapt to land? - Answer -
What is the largest phyla of nonvascular plants? Vascular seedless? Gymnosperms? -
Answer -Mosses;Ferns; Conifers
Know the events in the life cycle of a moss? - Answer -
whisk ferns - Answer -branching steams without roots. Leaves reduced to small
appendages or absent. Absence of roots/leaves is considered secondary loss; lost as
whisk ferns diverged from ancestors.
club mosses - Answer -the earliest group of seedless vascular plants
Horsetails - Answer -include extinct woody trees; hollow, ribbed stems that are jointed at
nodes; strobili bear spores. Stems, branches, and leaves are green (photosynthetic)
and have rough texture due to silica
Ferns - Answer -Any of numerous flowerless, seedless vascular plants having roots,
stems, and fronds and reproducing by spores.
Know the life cycle of fern. - Answer -
What does the word "gymnosperm" mean? - Answer -naked seed
Cycads - Answer -Gymnosperms that grow in tropical or subtropical areas; look like
palm trees with cones, dioecious
gingkoes - Answer -have fan-shaped leaves and round green fruit (ex. maidenhair tree),
dioecious
Gnetophytes - Answer -Live in hot deserts and tropical rain forests; can be a tree, vine,
or shrub, most dioecious, similar xylem to angiosperm,
conifer - Answer -a cone-bearing tree, hardened strobili called cones, monoecious,
conserve water
pollen cone - Answer -cone in gymnosperms that produces male gametophytes in the
form of pollen grains
seed cones (female) - Answer -Cones that produce the female gametophytes and are
generally much larger than pollen cones
What is the dominant plant type on earth today? Why? - Answer -angiosperms because
they can have seeds transport almost anywhere
Answers
What are the characteristics of a plant? - Answer -A multicellular, eukaryotic,
autotrophic organism with a cell wall (cellulose), performs photosynthesis, store starch,
non mobile, alternation of generations, reproductive protection tissue
From what organism did plants evolve? - Answer -Charophytes (green algae)
What are the adaptations of plants to life on land? - Answer -the need for a constant
supply of water (roots), the need for as much energy (leaves for surface area), need gas
exchange w/o losing water (cuticle prevents desiccation and stoma controls gas
movement), photosynthetic tissue exposure (stems), water and nutrient transport (xylem
and phloem), repro without water (seeds)
Know the alternation of generation life cycle? - Answer -know!
Which stages/structures are haploid and diploid? - Answer -haploid (gametophyte ,
gametes, spores), diploid (sporophyte, zygote)
Generation dominant in nonvascular? Vascular seedless? Vascular seeded? - Answer -
Nonvascular (gametophyte), an vascular (sporophyte)
Know the effect of evolution on the sporophyte & gametophyte generation as plants
evolved from nonvascular, vascular nonseeded, vascular naked seeds, vascular
covered seeds? - Answer -a larger sporophyte generation and a smaller gametophyte
generation
vascular plants (tracheophytes) - Answer -contain xylem and phloem that are bundled
together to transport water and nutrients, in sporophyte, lignin, roots, leaves, stems,
larger and often dry land
Vascular - Answer -ferns, club mosses, horsetails, whiskferns, gingkoe, conifers,
cycads, gnetophytes, flowering plants
Nonvascular plants (bryophytes) - Answer -Do not have vascular tissues to conduct
water and provide support, small, moist environment, archegonia and antheridia,
gametophyte is dominant
, nonvascular - Answer -mosses, liverworts, hornworts
What were the first plants to adapt to land? - Answer -
What is the largest phyla of nonvascular plants? Vascular seedless? Gymnosperms? -
Answer -Mosses;Ferns; Conifers
Know the events in the life cycle of a moss? - Answer -
whisk ferns - Answer -branching steams without roots. Leaves reduced to small
appendages or absent. Absence of roots/leaves is considered secondary loss; lost as
whisk ferns diverged from ancestors.
club mosses - Answer -the earliest group of seedless vascular plants
Horsetails - Answer -include extinct woody trees; hollow, ribbed stems that are jointed at
nodes; strobili bear spores. Stems, branches, and leaves are green (photosynthetic)
and have rough texture due to silica
Ferns - Answer -Any of numerous flowerless, seedless vascular plants having roots,
stems, and fronds and reproducing by spores.
Know the life cycle of fern. - Answer -
What does the word "gymnosperm" mean? - Answer -naked seed
Cycads - Answer -Gymnosperms that grow in tropical or subtropical areas; look like
palm trees with cones, dioecious
gingkoes - Answer -have fan-shaped leaves and round green fruit (ex. maidenhair tree),
dioecious
Gnetophytes - Answer -Live in hot deserts and tropical rain forests; can be a tree, vine,
or shrub, most dioecious, similar xylem to angiosperm,
conifer - Answer -a cone-bearing tree, hardened strobili called cones, monoecious,
conserve water
pollen cone - Answer -cone in gymnosperms that produces male gametophytes in the
form of pollen grains
seed cones (female) - Answer -Cones that produce the female gametophytes and are
generally much larger than pollen cones
What is the dominant plant type on earth today? Why? - Answer -angiosperms because
they can have seeds transport almost anywhere
