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HMX Immunology – Questions & Complete Solutions
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HMX Immunology – Questions & Complete Solutions
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HMX Immunology – Questions & Complete SolutionsTissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) Right Ans - Dendritic cells,
macrophages, and mast cells
Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) Right Ans -
Monocytes and neutrophils
Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) Right Ans - Macrophages and
neutrophils
Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? Right Ans - Neutrophils
are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe;
macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic cells and waste
General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release
them?) Right Ans - Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast
cells. Pro-inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel endothelium
to recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue
Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation?
Right Ans - Mast cell
Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel
walls? Right Ans - Adhesion molecules
E-Selectin Right Ans - An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down
circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction)
E-Selectin Ligand Right Ans - A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes
that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response
ICAM-1 Right Ans - An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes
bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity
interaction)
, Integrins (and the name of a specific one) Right Ans - A class of adhesion
molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a
high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response
Stable Arrest Right Ans - When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop
within the endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can
enter the tissue
Pus Right Ans - Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of
an inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
Psoriasis overview Right Ans - Autoimmune disease that can cause skin
plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into
the skin and initiating an inflammatory response
Psoriasis risk factors Right Ans - History of strep infections, skin injury,
first degree relative with psoriasis
TNF-alpha in psoriasis Right Ans - A pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed
in psoriasis that recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts directly on
epithelial cells to produce thickened/raised patches
Psoriasis treatment (biologics) Right Ans - Target the pro-inflammatory
cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore prevent the expression of adhesion
molecules on endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha from acting directly on
epithelial cells
Possible side effects of medications that block adhesion molecules Right
Ans - Susceptibility to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry into tissue
Most abundant leukocyte Right Ans - Neutrophils
What kind of infections are neutrophils particularly effective against? Right
Ans - Extracellular bacterial infections
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell Right Ans - A type of sentinel cell that detects
viruses and releases type 1 interferons
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