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Mastering Biology Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers
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Mastering Biology Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers
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Mastering Biology Unit 2 ExamQuestions and Answers
Which of the following statements about a typical plasma membrane is correct? -
Answer -The two sides of the plasma membrane have different lipid and protein
composition.
Singer and Nicolson's fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that
membranes_____. - Answer -consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of
phospholipids
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, phospholipids _____. - Answer
-can move laterally along the plane of the membrane
Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help
keep a membrane more fluid at lower temperatures? - Answer -The double bonds form
kinks in the fatty acid tails, preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly.
Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct? - Answer -The presence of
aquaporins (proteins that form water channels in the membrane) should speed up the
process of osmosis.
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? - Answer -small
and hydrophobic
The movement of glucose into a cell against a concentration gradient is most likely to be
accomplished by which of the following? - Answer -cotransport of the glucose with a
proton or sodium ion that was pumped across the membrane using the energy of ATP
hydrolysis
Active and passive transport of solutes across a membrane typically differ in which of
the following ways? - Answer -Active transport always involves the utilization of cellular
energy, whereas passive transport does not require cellular energy.
Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP? - Answer -
movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher
concentration in the extracellular fluid
, Which of the following is most likely true of a protein that cotransports glucose and
sodium ions into the intestinal cells of an animal? - Answer -A substance that blocks
sodium ions from binding to the cotransport protein will also block the transport of
glucose.
Ions diffuse across membranes through specific ion channels down _____. - Answer -
their electrochemical gradients
Energy is observed in two basic forms: potential and kinetic. Which of the following
correctly matches these forms with a source of energy? - Answer -the covalent bonds of
a sugar molecule: potential energy
Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics? - Answer -
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law
of thermodynamics? - Answer -The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary
energy for life from its environment.
Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the
entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics? -
Answer -As a consequence of growing, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy
in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their growth.
Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of
thermodynamics? - Answer -Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of
the universe.
Which of the following statements about equilibrium of chemical reactions is correct? -
Answer -A reaction that is at equilibrium is not capable of doing any work.
Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms? - Answer -
Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism.
A system at chemical equilibrium _____. - Answer -can do no work
Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP? - Answer -an RNA nucleotide
Which of the following is NOT a way in which an enzyme can speed up the reaction that
it catalyzes? - Answer -The active site can provide heat from the environment that
raises the energy content of the substrate.
According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, _____. - Answer -the
binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site
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