what isn't known about saturn
~ no one knows how long a day on saturn is
what is necessary to be considered a planet
~ 1. a planet orbits the sun directly
2. a planet is large enough to have formed a spherical shape
3. a planet has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit (this omits pluto a...
Atmosphere - air
Biosphere - living things
Geosphere - rocks, landforms and earth's interior
What is uniformitarianism?
✓✓✓✓~ If it is happening now, it has happened before and it will happen again. Things
happen slowly
What is catastrophism?
✓✓✓✓~ One big sudden change, only true for meteor impacts. Shaping earth's landscape
by catastrophes
Talk about Earth as a system
✓✓✓✓~ - Four systems are linked through their interactions
- Is powered by energy from the sun and heat from earth's interior
,- Humans are part of this system, our actions produce large scale changes in all
four spheres
What is physical geology?
✓✓✓✓~ Study of earth materials to understand processes that operate on and beneath its
surface
What is historical geology?
✓✓✓✓~ Study of the origin of the earth and its development through time
What is the Big Bang Theory?
✓✓✓✓~ Large explosion that sent all matter in the universe flying outwards at incredible
speeds
What is the nebular hypothesis?
✓✓✓✓~ Bodies in the solar system evolved from solar nebula
How are protosun and protoplanets formed?
✓✓✓✓~ Formed by contracting, slowly spiraling nebula
What happened 4.6-4.3 BYA
,✓✓✓✓~ - matter congeals enough to form the earth
- the earth will now be bombarded by various rocks from space
- moon forms from collison
What happened in the hadeon eon?
✓✓✓✓~ - 4.3 - 3.8 BYA
- unstable crust forms
- there was no life
- iron is pulled to core
- lighter elements to the surface
What happened in the archaen eon?
✓✓✓✓~ - 3.8 - 2.5 BYA
- Constant volcanic activity
- No continents
- Atmosphere full of methane and devoid of oxygen
- oceans are acidic and full of dissolved iron
- Bacteria form and create oxygen
, What are the types of seismic waves?
✓✓✓✓~ P waves, S waves, surface waves
What are the layers of the earth?
✓✓✓✓~ - crust (solid)
- mantle (plastic solid)
- core (liquid outer, solid inner)
What is the rock cycle?
✓✓✓✓~ the rock cycle is a loop where one type of rock changes to another. Rocks
constantly form, change and re-form over long spans of time
Steps of the rock cycle
✓✓✓✓~ 1. Molten magma becomes igneous rock
2. Weathering creates sediments
3. Sediments lithify into sedimentary rock
4. Burial and heat produce metamorphic rock
5. More heat then start over
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