NURS 316 Porth Ch 25 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 316
Institution
NUR 316
1. Upon admission assessment, the nurse hears a murmur located at the fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line. The client asks, "What does that mean?" The nurse will base her answer on which of the following physiologic principles? A) "You have been exposed to an infection that went into your b...
NURS 316 Porth Ch 25 Review
Questions and Correct Answers
1. Upon admission assessment, the nurse hears a murmur located at the fifth intercostal
space, midclavicular line. The client asks, "What does that mean?" The nurse will base
her answer on which of the following physiologic principles?
A) "You have been exposed to an infection that went into your blood stream."
B) "You have a heart valve that is diseased."
C) "You heart has been pumping your blood so hard, that the pressure has damaged
your valves."
D) "Your heart has enlarged, ✅Ans: B
Feedback:
Turbulence is often accompanied by vibrations of the blood and surrounding
cardiovascular structures. Some of these vibrations are in the audible range and can be
heard using a stethoscope. For example, a heart murmur results from turbulent flow
through a diseased heart valve. The other distractors are not feasible.
2. A client is diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm that the physician just wants
to "watch" for now. When teaching the client about signs/symptoms to watch for, the
nurse will base the teaching on which of the following physiological principles?
A) Small diameter of this vessel will cause it to rupture more readily.
B) The larger the aneurysm, the less tension placed on the vessel.
C) As the aneurysm grows, more tension is placed on the vessel wall, which increases
the risk for rupture. ✅Ans: C
Feedback:
Because the pressure is equal throughout, the tension in the part of the balloon with the
smaller radius is less than the tension in the section with the larger radius. The same
holds true for an arterial aneurysm in which the tension and risk of rupture increase as
the aneurysm grows in size. Wall tension is inversely related to wall thickness, such that
the thicker the vessel wall, the lower the tension, and vice versa. Although arteries have
a thicker muscular wall than veins, their distensibility allows them to store some of the
blood that is ejected from the heart during systole, providing for continuous flow through
the capillaries as the heart relaxes during diastole.
3. A client has entered hypovolemic shock after massive blood loss in a car accident.
Many of the client's peripheral blood vessels have consequently collapsed. How does
the Laplace law account for this pathophysiologic phenomenon?
A) Blood pressure is no longer able to overcome vessel wall tension.
B) Decreasing vessel radii has caused a decrease in blood pressure.
C) Wall thickness of small vessels has decreased due to hypotension.
D) Decreases in wall tension and blood pressure have caused ✅Ans: A
Feedback:
, In circulatory shock, there is a decrease in blood volume and vessel radii, along with a
drop in blood pressure. As a result, many of the small vessels collapse as blood
pressure drops to the point where it can no longer overcome the wall tension.
Decreases in vessel wall radii do not cause the decrease in blood pressure, and wall
thickness generally remains static.
4. Which of the following statements about vascular compliance is accurate?
A) Arteries are much more distensible than veins.
B) Veins can act as a reservoir for storing large quantities of blood.
C) Arteries have thick muscular walls that constrict tightly, thereby ejecting blood
without storing it for later use.
D) A continuous flow through the capillaries occurs primarily during systole. ✅Ans: B
Feedback:
The most distensible of all vessels are the veins, which can increase their volume with
only slight changes in pressure, allowing them to function as a reservoir for storing large
quantities of blood that can be returned to the circulation when it is needed. Although
arteries have a thicker muscular wall than veins, their distensibility allows them to store
some of the blood that is ejected from the heart during systole, providing for continuous
flow through the capillaries as the heart relaxes during diastole.
5. In the days following a tooth cleaning and root canal, a client has developed an
infection of the thin, three-layered membrane that lines the heart and covers the valves.
What is this client's most likely diagnosis?
A) Pericarditis
B) Endocarditis
C) Myocarditis
D) Vasculitis ✅Ans: B
Feedback:
The endocardium is a thin, three-layered membrane that lines the heart and covers the
valves; infection of this part of the heart is consequently referred to as endocarditis.
6. Following several weeks of increasing fatigue and a subsequent diagnostic workup, a
client has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. Failure of this heart valve
would have which of the following consequences?
A) Backup of blood from the right atrium into the superior vena cava
B) Backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium during systole
C) Inhibition of the SA node's normal action potential
D) Backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium ✅Ans: D
Feedback:
The mitral valve separates the left ventricle from the left atrium; failure of this valve
would cause backflow from the former to the latter during systole. Valve function does
not directly affect cardiac contractility.
7. Heart muscle differs from skeletal muscle tissue by being able to generate:
A) Contractions
B) Calcium influx
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