NURS 316 - Gas Exchange Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 316
Institution
NUR 316
Diffusion affected by ___ and ___ (thickness) of alveoli to capillary SURFACE AREA and DISTANCE
Ventilation movement of air in and out of the lungs
Ventilation (V) - exchange of alveolar air (gaseous flow rate)
Perfusion Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet ...
NURS 316 - Gas Exchange Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Diffusion affected by ___ and ___ (thickness) of alveoli to capillary ✅SURFACE AREA
and DISTANCE
Ventilation ✅movement of air in and out of the lungs
Ventilation (V) - exchange of alveolar air (gaseous flow rate)
Perfusion ✅Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet
current needs of the cells.
Perfusion (Q) - pulmonary circulation (blood flow rate; quantité = French quantity or
amount)
V/Q mismatch ✅An imbalance in the amount of oxygen received in the alveoli and the
amount of blood flowing through the alveolar capillaries
internal respiration ✅Between alveoli and the blood
Between the blood and the tissue cells
The majority of adult hemoglobin is hemoglobin A (HbA), an iron-based metalloprotein
made of what protein subunits? ✅two alpha and two beta globular protein subunits (a
tetramer).
Binds up to 4 oxygen molecules
carbaminohemoglobin ✅the compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with
hemoglobin
Hemoglobin molecule itself is also involved in physiologic buffering and carbon dioxide
transport (carbaminohemoglobin).
cooperativity of hemoglobin ✅Phenomenon where an atom of oxygen binds to
hemoglobin, remaining unoccupied spots have increased affinity for oxygen
, In other words, with each molecule of oxygen, hemoglobin gets hungrier and hungrier
for the next.
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) sigmoidal shape ✅This positive
cooperativity is responsible for the ODC's sigmoidal shape.
Phenomenon where an atom of oxygen binds to hemoglobin, remaining unoccupied
spots have increased affinity for oxygen
p50 of hemoglobin has a PO2 of ✅a PO2 of ~27 mmHg corresponds to ~50%
hemoglobin saturation
Rightward shift of ODC means that ✅Higher PO2 is required for similar hemoglobin
saturation compared to baseline
Hemoglobin has less affinity for Oxygen
More willing to unload oxygen at the tissue level
Rightward shift of ODC factors ✅Think of exercise
Increase temperature
Increase CO2
Increase DPG (RBC metabolite of glycolysis (Increased in hypoxia and anemia)
Sick cell hemoglobin (HbSS)
Sulfhemoglobin
Decrearse in pH = Acidosis
A leftward shift of the ODC means that ✅Less PO2
Hemoglobin has higher affinity for oxygen
Less willing to unload O2 to peripheral tissue
Many of the factors which create left ODC shifts ✅Decreased temperature
Decreased CO2
Decreased DPG
Methemoglobinemia (metHB) --> Iron moiety in Hb is oxidized to 3+ and cant accept O2
like the typical 2+ state
Carbon monoxide (Binds more readily than oxygen, reduce O2 spots)
Fetal hemoglobin
Mild - PO2 = ✅60-80 compensated with HR, RR, vasoconstriction
Severe PO2 is less than what number? ✅PO2 < 60 increasing SOB, delirium, restless,
loss of consciousness, coma, death
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