Key words Universality Ethnocentrism Cultural relativism
• Culture bias – the act of • When something applies to • Form of cultural bias and is a • Behaviour can’t be judged
interpreting and judging people all over the world. In belief in superiority of one’s properly unless it’s viewed in
behaviour of one culture by reality, findings from studies own cultural group the context of the culture in
holding them to the standard of only apply to the people who • Form’s view that any behaviours which it originates
your own were studied which don’t conform to the • Emic constructs – specific to a
• E.g. Milgram’s study was model are underdeveloped culture and vary between
originally conducted with US • E.g. Ainsworth. Secure cultures
participants but the same study attachment type in America is • Etic constructs – analyse
had different results when it desirable, but deviates from this behaviour focusing on universal
was replicated in other parts of in Germany factors that hold across all
the world cultures
Mistakes Universality Unfamiliarity Operationalisation
• Psychologists distinguish • Critics overlook universality of • Some cultures aren’t familiar • Variables under scrutiny aren’t
between human behaviour with research process experienced in the same way
individualist/collectivist cultures • Research shows that 6 emotions • Westerns are likely to be • Different things are thought to
• Increased globalisation means are universal, so some familiar but that doesn’t extend be rude in different cultures
distinction is outdated behaviours are universal to other cultures • Interactions between people in
• Takano et al found 14/15 • We have shared evolutionary • Demand characteristics could an observation could be seen as
studies comparing findings traits and these could be be less/more of a problem rude
between USA and Japan had no overlooked if we look too much depending on the culture which • This could lead to invalid
distinction at the differences could reduce the internal conclusions from the researcher
• Culture bias not an issue validity of the research
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lizziebowles. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.56. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.