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Rosh Review PANCE practice Questions And Answers With 100% Correct Answers
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Central retinal vein occlusion - classic exam findings? - BLOOD AND THUNDER -> retinal hemorrhages**** aspirin overdose includes aggressive volume resuscitation with intravenous fluids (A), especially in those who are hypotensive due to fluid loss and inappropriate systemic vasodilation. Freq...

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  • August 6, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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Rosh Review PANCE practice
Central retinal vein occlusion - classic exam findings? - BLOOD AND THUNDER -> retinal
hemorrhages****



aspirin overdose includes aggressive volume resuscitation with intravenous fluids (A), especially in those
who are hypotensive due to fluid loss and inappropriate systemic vasodilation. Frequent laboratory
testing is done to assess clinical status and response to treatment. Arterial blood gas analysis (B) is
critical and should be drawn every 1-2 hours to monitor acid-base status in patients with a salicylate
overdose. Salicylate removal can be improved with the use of hemodialysis (D). Indications for
hemodialysis include altered mental status, renal insufficiency, cerebral or pulmonary edema, serum
salicylate concentration > 100 mg/dL (in acute overdose) and > 50 mg/dL (in chronic overdose), and
clinical deterioration despite aggressive resuscitation.

A 72-year-old woman was hospitalized for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate. She is being
discharged today on amiodarone for long term control of her dysrhythmia. Which of the following
diagnostic studies should be followed as an outpatient? - chest x-ray



3 main types of polyps (colon) - 1. hyperplastic (no risk of malignant transformation)



2. adenomatous ("tubular adenomas") (most common; possible risk of malignant transformation) ->
repeat colonoscopy in 5 to 10 years



3. malignant

A 29-year-old pregnant patient presents with a three day history of diarrhea following a trip to Mexico.
The patient describes having seven to eight loose, watery stools per day. She does not note any blood in
the diarrhea and is otherwise asymptomatic. Vital signs are BP 116/72, HR 86, RR 15, T 38.7°C. Physical
exam reveals mild dehydration, but is otherwise normal. After providing fluid replacement, what is the
indicated treatment? - thinking diagnosis is travelers diarrhea - one of the cause is e. coli etc



Fluid replacement is always the primary treatment of traveler's diarrhea. Most cases are self-limited and
resolve on their own within three to five days of treatment with fluid replacement only. Antimicrobial
therapy shortens the disease duration to about one day. Antibiotics are warranted to treat diarrhea in
those who develop severe diarrhea, characterized by more than four unformed stools daily, fever, or
blood, pus, or mucus in the stool. In addition, some travelers desire antibiotic treatment for milder
disease if the illness is a large burden on a business trip or vacation. Azithromycin is the preferred
antibiotic therapy in pregnant women and children.

,A 32-year-old woman presents to the clinic with acute vertigo that began 12 hours ago and has been
constant. She complains of nausea, vomiting and difficulty ambulating but denies tinnitus or change in
hearing. Past medical history is significant for a recent viral illness. Physical exam reveals horizontal
nystagmus and a negative Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?



A Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

B Ménière's diseaseYour Answer

C Vestibular migraine

D Vestibular neuronitis - D

A 58-year-old woman with a history of previous cerebrovascular accident presents to the emergency
department by ambulance due to concern for possible overdose. According to her husband, at home she
was vomiting and complaining of nausea and ringing in her ears. The patient is confused and unable to
answer questions upon arrival. Her blood pressure is 90/57 mm Hg, heart rate is 112 beats/minute,
respiratory rate is 28 breaths/minute, and temperature is 103.1°F. Which of the following interventions
should be avoided if possible?



A Administration of intravenous fluids

B Arterial blood gas analysis

C Endotracheal intubation

D Hemodialysis - C

Providers need to be aware that airway management can worsen the condition of patients with aspirin
overdose. The brief moment of apnea that occurs in preparation for intubation can cause acute and
significant worsening of the patient's respiratory alkalosis. Intubation of patients exhibiting tachypnea in
aspirin overdose has resulted in death and should be reserved for patients with hypoventilation and
severe respiratory distress.




Amiodarone is a class III anti-dysrhythmic drug used to treat many common dysrhythmias. An annual
chest radiograph is recommended when patients are on chronic amiodarone therapy. Pulmonary toxicity
generally correlates more closely with the total cumulative dose than the serum levels. It usually occurs
months to years after initiation. Several types of pulmonary toxicity may result from chronic amiodarone
therapy; however, the most common is a chronic interstitial pneumonitis.

A kidney transplant recipient who is considered high-risk for cytomegalovirus disease. What antiviral
agent is recommended to prevent cytomegalovirus disease? - Valganciclovir is a prodrug

, metabolized to ganciclovir that is indicated to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) in high-risk kidney, heart,
and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients.

A soccer player presents to the emergency department after being kicked in the shin by his opponent.
Upon presentation he demonstrates pain out of proportion as well as extreme pain with passive range of
motion. You have a high suspicion for acute compartment syndrome. What laboratory finding is most
closely associated with this disorder?



Aldolase

Creatine kinase

Creatine kinase MB

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - Creatine kinase ->>>> marker of muscle injury and is elevated in
rhabdomyolysis and commonly associated with compartment syndrome. Skeletal muscle has the highest
concentration of creatine kinase than any other tissue. Therefore, it is the most sensitive indicator of an
injury as well as marker to follow during the course of a muscular injury



Creatine kinase-MB (C) is an isoenzyme form of the creatine kinase enzyme. The majority of this enzyme
is found in cardiac tissue and is found to be elevated in cases of myocardial infarction or any stress to the
heart muscle.

Boerhaave Syndrome - Patient will be complaining of severe chest pain

PE will show Hamman crunch (mediastinal crackling with each heartbeat)

Chest X-ray will show pneumomediastinum

Diagnosis is made by esophogram with water-soluble oral contrast

Most commonly caused by a full-thickness esophageal rupture due to iatrogenic > forceful vomiting

Most common location is left posterolateral distal esophagus

Treatment is emergent surgical consult and broad-spectrum antibiotic

Carbidopa/Levodopa



what is eachs MOA - carbidopa = converted by the brain into DA



levodopa = prevents carbidopa from being converted into DA in the peripheral circulation



pros: significantly improves mobility

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