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MCAT BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024 NEW UPDATE

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Amino Acid - ANSWERSDipolar compound containing an amino group and a carboxyl group Amino Group - ANSWERS-NH2 Carboxyl Group - ANSWERS-COOH Alpha Carbon - ANSWERSCentral carbon atom in amino acid Attached to amino & carboxyl groups, H atom, and side chain Side Chain - ANSWERST...

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  • August 6, 2024
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  • mcat biochemistry review questions with correct a

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MCAT BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2024 NEW UPDATE


Amino Acid - ANSWERSDipolar compound containing an amino group and a carboxyl
group


Amino Group - ANSWERS-NH2


Carboxyl Group - ANSWERS-COOH


Alpha Carbon - ANSWERSCentral carbon atom in amino acid
Attached to amino & carboxyl groups, H atom, and side chain


Side Chain - ANSWERSThe variable component of an amino acid that gives the amino acid
its identity and chemical properties
also called R-group


Chiral - ANSWERSA molecule with a nonsuperimposable mirror image
All amino acids (except glycine) are chiral


(S) Absolute Configuration - ANSWERSAll amino acids (except cysteine) have an (S)
absolute configuration


L-amino Acid - ANSWERSAll amino acids found in eukaryotes


Nonpolar, Nonaromatic Amino Acids - ANSWERSGlycine, alanine, valine, leucine,
isoleucine, methionine, proline

,Glycine - ANSWERSSingle H atom as side chain
Achiral
Smallest amino acid


Alanine - ANSWERSAlkyl side chain (1C)


Valine - ANSWERSAlkyl side chain (3C)


Leucine - ANSWERSAlkyl side chain (4C)


Isoleucine - ANSWERSAlkyl side chain (4C)


Methionine - ANSWERSMethyl side chain (-CH3)
Contains S atom in side chain


Proline - ANSWERSCyclic amino acid
N from amino group becomes part of side chain, forming five-part ring, limiting where is can
appear on a protein
Rigid/constraints on flexibility


Aromatic Amino Acids - ANSWERSTryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine


Aromaticity - ANSWERSThe ability of a molecule to delocalize pi electrons around a
conjucated ring, creating exceptional stability


Tryptophan - ANSWERSDouble-ring system
Contains N atom in one ring
Largest of aromatic amino acids


Phenylalanine - ANSWERSBenzyl side chain (benzene ring + -CH2 group)
Smallest aromatic amino acid
Relatively nonpolar


Tyrosine - ANSWERSPhenylalanine + -OH group

,Relatively polar


Polar Amino Acids - ANSWERSSerine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine


Polarity - ANSWERSAn uneven sharing of electrons in a molecule, creating a slightly
positive side and a slightly negative side


Serine - ANSWERS-OH group in side chain
Highly polar - participate in H-bonding


Threonine - ANSWERS-OH group in side chain
Highly polar - participate in H-bonding


Asparagine - ANSWERSAmide (-NH2) side chain
Amide N do not gain or lose protons with changes in pH - do not become charged


Glutamine - ANSWERSAmide (-NH2) side chain
Amide N do not gain or lose protons with changes in pH - do not become charged


Cysteine - ANSWERSThiol (-SH) side chain - weaker than OH bond
Prone to oxidation


Negatively-charged (Acidic) Amino Acids - ANSWERSAspartic acid (aspartate), glutamic
acid (glutamate)


Aspartic Acid (Aspartate) - ANSWERSCarboxylate (-COO(-)) group in side chain
Deprotonated form of asparagine


Glutamic Acid (Glutamate) - ANSWERSCarboxylate (-COO(-)) group in side chain
Deprotonated form of glutamine


Positively-charged (Basic) Amino Acids - ANSWERSLysine, arginine, histidine


Lysine - ANSWERSTerminal primary amino group

, Arginine - ANSWERSHas 3 N atoms in side chain
Charge delocalized over all three N atoms


Histidine - ANSWERSHas aromatic ring with 2 N atoms (ring is called an imidazole)
At pH 7.4, one N is protonated and the other isn't
Under acidic conditions, the 2nd N becomes protonated, making it positively charged


Hydrophobic Amino Acids - ANSWERSBeing repelled by water
Alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine
More likely to be found in center of protein
Nonpolar, uncharged compounds
Long alkyl chains


Hydrophilic Amino Acids - ANSWERSBeing attracted to water
Histidine, arginine, lysine, glutamate, aspartate, asparagine, glutamine
Polar and charged compounds and those that participate in H-bonding


Neither Really Hydrophobic/-philic - ANSWERSCysteine, threonine, serine, tyrosine,
tryptophan, proline, methionine, glycine


Amphoteric - ANSWERSAbility to act as an acid or a base
Can either accept or donate a proton
For ionizable groups: tend to be protonated at low pH; deprotonated at high pH


pKa - ANSWERSThe pH at which half of the species are deprotonated
[HA] = [A(-)]


pKa1 - ANSWERSpKa for carboxyl group
Usually around 2


pKa2 - ANSWERSpKa for amino group
Usually between 9 and 10

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