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SLCC Pathophysiology - Unit 12 Musculoskeletal System Questions and Answers 2024
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SLCC Pathophysiology - Unit 12 Musculoskeletal System
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SLCC Pathophysiology - Unit 12Musculoskeletal System
Hematoma - answer1st stage of bone repair. Clot formation within hours after surgery or
injury (48-72 hours).
Procallus - answer2nd stage of bone repair. Cellular proliferation by osteoblasts within
days. Formation of a fibrocartilage "collar" within a few days on either side of the
fracture forming a bridge.
Callus - answer3rd stage of bone repair. Osteoblasts continue to move in and out of the
bridge to help keep it firm. Usually occurs 3-4 weeks after injury.
Ossification - answer4th stage of bone repair. Final laying down of bone. Fragments are
firmly united. Mature bone replaces callus. Safe to remove cast during this stage.
Remodeling - answer5th and final stage of bone repair. Involves resorption of the
excess bony callus that develops in the marrow space and encircles the external aspect
of the fx site.
Fractures - answerTake about 6 weeks to see evidence of bone healing on an x-ray.
Can take up to 4 months to heal. Pain is caused by muscle spasms trying to "splint" the
broken bone.
Treatment for Fractures - answerRealignment of bone
Immobilzation (splints, casts, surgery w/ rods, screws, etc.)
S/S of Fractures - answer1. deformity
2. swelling
3. discoloration
4. *shortening* of involved limb
5. muscle spasm
6. pain
7. or NO s/s
Displaced Fractures - answerFracture that does not heal well and interferes with limb
function.
Closed Fractures - answerFractures where skin is still intact.
, Open or Compound Fractures - answerFractures where skin is broken exposing the
bone to infection.
Spiral Fractures - answerFractures where the break circles the bone
Oblique Fractures - answerFractures where the break is at an angle on the bone
Transverse Fractures - answerFractures where the break is straight across the bone
Comminuted Fractures - answerFractures where bone is broken into fragments as in a
crushing injury
Impaction Fractures - answerFractures where bone is jammed into another bone
Greenstick Fractures - answerFractures where bone bends and cracks instead of
breaking completely into separate pieces. Most common in children because their
bones are softer and more flexible than adults.
Avulsion Fractures - answerFractures where a chunk of bone attached to a tendon or
ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone.
Stress Fractures - answerFractures aka hairline fracture. A fatigue induced fracture of
the bone caused by repeated stress over time. The result of accumulated trauma from
repeated submaximal loading, such as running or jumping.
Pathological Fractures - answerFractures caused by disease that leads to bone
weakness. Most commonly due to osteoporosis, but may also be because of:
- cancer
- infection
- inherited bone disorders
- bone cysts
Compression Fractures - answerFractures that is defined as a vertebral bone in the
spine that has decreased at least 15-20% in height due to fracture. Caused by
osteoporosis or trauma.
X-ray - answerFractures that are hard to assess with this are:
- non-displaced
- hairline
- avulsion
Delayed union - answerFailure of a fracture to heal within the predicted time as
determined by x-ray.
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