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Pathophysiology SLCC Questions with Solutions
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Pathophysiology SLCC
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Pathophysiology SLCCHomeostasis - answer The body's ability to maintain a dynamic steady-state of
INTERNAL BALANCE or equilibrium.
Hyperplasia - answer INCREASED NUMBER of cells
Hypertrophy and what causes it? - answer INCREASED SIZE of cell
Caused by increased workload or pathological condition
Atrophy and what causes it? - answer REDUCED SIZE of cell
Caused by disuse, malnutrition and decreased blood flow
Metaplasia and what causes it? - answer REPLACEMENT of one cell type with another
that can better endure stress.
Caused by chronic inflammation or irritation.
Dysplasia and what precedes it? - answer Abnormal cell growth of specific tissue
Precedes with cancerous changes
What does sodium build up do in the cell? - answer Sodium builds up in cell due to the
breakdown of the sodium -potassium pump. Consequently, sodium collects insider the
cell and attracts water (INTRACELLUAR SWELLING)
What problems can happen with fatty changes inside a cell? - answerLipid collects in
cells leading to (IMPAIRMENT OF CELL FUNCTIONS). "Fatty liver" is often the result.
What happens with Ca2+ build up in a cell and how? - answerCalcium builds up in a cell
due to the breakdown of the (Ca2+/Mg2+ pump). Consequently, calcium collects inside
the ell and causes inappropriate (ACTIVATION OF CELLULAR ENZYMES)
Apoptosis - answerControlled cell death (implosion). Everything in the cell stay inside.
No inflammatory response
Necrosis - answerUncontrolled cell death (explosion). Everything in cell is released into
extracellular space. Causes inflammatory response
, What are the organs of the immune system? - answerBone marrow - RBC, WBC and
platelets
Thymus gland - T-cell production
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen
Telomeres - answerOutermost tails of the chromosome arms.
What are the 3 cells of inflammation? What do they do? - answer1. Endothelial cells -
-Vasodialate/constrict
- Cause blood thinning/prevent blood clotting
-Allow enter/exit of blood vessels
-Control inflammatory mediators
2. Platelets -
-Responsible for blood coagulation/clotting
-Platelets release 300+ inflammatory mediators
3. Leukocytes -
-They are the major cellular component of the
inflammatory response
- High abundance of neutrophils in the blood is a
common indicator of inflammation and infection
-WBC are classified as granular or agranular
What does S.H.A.R.P. stand for? - answerSwelling
Heat
Altered function
Redness
Pain
What are the granulocytes? (3)
What do they do?
GRANpa BEN - answer1. Neutrophils- "First responded and most common
2. Basophils - Respond to allergic reaction
3. Eosinophils - Respond to allergic reaction and parasites
What are the agranulocytes? (2)
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