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FRNSC 421 - EXAM 3-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ 100% Pass
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FRNSC 421 - EXAM 3-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ 100% Pass
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FRNSC 421 - EXAM 3-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ 100% Passlineage markers - ✔️✔️useful for assisting with the identification of related individuals separated
by generational events
- Y DNA paternally inherited
- mtDNA maternally inherited
Thomas Jefferson case - ✔️✔️Y-STR analysis on descendent of Eston Hemmings to determine if
Thomas Jefferson had an affair with his slave Sally Hemmings
- showed that Eston is related to the Jefferson family, cannot conclusively say it was Thomas who
fathered him
- Tom Woodson, Sally's eldest son, more closely related to Thomas Jefferson's nephew
applications of Y-STR testing - ✔️✔️- ID & historical cases to verify relationships
- sexual assault evidence when autosomal STR data produces minor mixed male profile
- verification of familial testing outcomes, identifying potential paternal relatives of potential
perpetrators
- paternity testing in motherless cases
Y chromosome structure - ✔️✔️has lost ~97% of its genes over the last 300 million years, estimated
to lose all genes within the next 10 million
- has male-specific region (MSY) and synonymous non-recombining portion (NRY)
- lowest gene but highest repetitive sequences/copy number variants
- sex-determining gene in Yp arm
Yfiler - ✔️✔️tests for 16 loci and 17 alleles, including:
- european minimal haplotype loci (MHL) = 8 loci, 9 alleles
- SWGDAM 10 loci
- Yflier has 6 additional loci
- Yfiler Plus has 9 additional loci (10 alleles); 3 highly diverse single allele loci, and 6 rapidly mutating
loci including one multi-locus marker
PowerPlex Y23 - ✔️✔️tests for 22 loci and 23 alleles
, - only 2 rapidly mutating loci
DYS385 a/b - ✔️✔️one of 10 SWGDAM loci
- duplicated a and b regions ~40 kb apart facing away from one another
- result of a translocation event duplicating/inverting the locus
- counted as a single locus, use same forward/reverse primers
- results in "heterozygote" profiles when a ≠ b; reported as such, but isn't classified as such
DYS389 I/II - ✔️✔️one of 10 SWGDAM loci
- I and II loci "on top of" one another
- same mutational event as DYS385a/b, except not inverted
- defined as two loci that are close together
- same forward/reverse primer used, but the reverse only sits down once
- reported as separate loci even though they're in the same location
SRY gene - ✔️✔️sex-determining region of the Y chromosome
- encodes testis determining factor (TDF, or SRY protein)
- found on Yp arm
TDF - ✔️✔️testis determining factor, initiates male differentiation
- DNA binding protein that positively regulates the expression of genes involved with development
of sex cords that later form seminiferous tubules
- without TDF, embryo remains female and sex cords develop into ovarian follicle cells
- mutations result in female phenotypes in XY (Swyer syndrome)
- translocations to X chromosome causes XX male syndrome
Quantifiler Duo - ✔️✔️targets untranslated region of SRY gene, not an intronic sequence (SRY has
no introns)
- amplicon size: 130 bps
- different amplification conditions than HP: 2 mins at 50°C, 10 min at 95°, 40 cycles of 95°C for 15
sec & 60°C for 1 min
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