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Exam 3 Fundamentals B260 IUPUI (1
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Exam 3 Fundamentals B260 IUPUI (1
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Exam 3 Fundamentals B260 IUPUIwater that contains dissolved or suspended substances such as glucose, mineral salts, and
proteins - ANS-Fluid
Volume - ANS-Fluid amount
osmolality - ANS-Fluid concentration
electrolyte concentration - ANS-Fluid composition
pH - ANS-Degree of Acidity
The characteristics of body fluids influence body system function through their effects on cell
function. All of these characteristics have regulatory mechanisms, which keep them in balance
for normal function. - ANS-Characteristics of body fluids
1100-1400mL - ANS-Normal Oral intake
800-1000mL - ANS-Normal Foods intake fluid
300mL - ANS-Metabolism normal intake fluid
500-600mL - ANS-Skin (sweat output) fluid
400 mL - ANS-insensible lungs output fluid
100-200 mL - ANS-GI output fluid
1200-Ml - ANS-Urine output Fluid
2200-2700 mL - ANS-Total output fr fluid
2200-2700mL - ANS-Total intake fluid
infants, patients with neurological or psychological problems, and older adults who are unable to
communicate their thirst. - ANS-Who are at risk for dehydration? and why?
patient weight - ANS-What is the best nursing indication for fluid status?
1st: 10kg = 100ml/kg
2nd: 10kg = 50ml/kg
,any other = 20 ml/kg
(10,5,2) - ANS-formula needed weight in kilograms
intracellular fluid, within cells. 2/3 total body water - ANS-ICF
Extracellular fluid (Fluid outside cells- but within body)
- interstitial
- intravascular
- transcellular - ANS-ECF
are secreted by epithelial cells and include cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluids
- ANS-transcellular fluids
is blood plasma found in the vascular system. - ANS-Intravascular fluid
the fluids between cells and outside the blood vessels. These include lymph (fluid in the
lymphatic channels). - ANS-interstitial fluids
Measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood and is a good measure of the blood's ability to
carry O2 throughout the body. - ANS-Hemoglobin test does what?
the amount of space (volume) RBC take up in the blood. - ANS-Hematocrit
- diarrhea
- fistula drainage
- hemorrhage
- Polyuria
- fever
This is volume deficit - ANS-Hypovolemia causes
High HR
Low BP
- pulse weak
- Increase RR
- severe fluid volume loss
- Urine output less than 500mL/day
- Alter mental status (confusion, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion) - ANS-If the Hypovolemia is
bad enough?? (signs and symptoms)
- turgor is diminished
- cool dry
- dry
- wrinkled
- thirsty
, - oral mucous membranes are dry - ANS-Skin signs and symptoms of HYPOvolemia
heart failure
renal failure
excessive intake of fluids - ANS-Causes of hypervolemia
- increase pulse, full and bounding
- full peripheral pulses
- increase BP
- distended neck veins - ANS-Cardiovascular changes in Hypervolemia
polyuria, nocturia
decrease in hematocrit BUN - ANS-Urine and Lab data for Hypervolemia
- Increase respiratory rate
- shallow respirations
- increase dyspnea with exertion or in the supine position
- pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema
- SOB, Irritative cough, Moist crackles - ANS-Respiratory changes in HYPERvolemia
- Altered LOC
- Visual disturbances
- Skeletal muscle weakness
- paresthesias
- cerebral edema: headache, confusion, lethargy, diminished reflexes, seizures/coma -
ANS-Neurological changes in HYPERvolemia
Edematous may feel cool
- skin may feel taut and hard
- edema-eyelids, facial, dependent (sacrum), pitting, peripheral extremities
- increased motility
- enlarged liver - ANS-Skin and GI changes in Hypervolemia
- maintain oxygen to all cells (semi fowlers)
- vital signs Q4hr and PRN
- Tachycardia
- BP increase (overload) and Decrease BP (fluid deficit)
- Promote excretion of excess fluids: Meds as ordered: Diuretics
Monitor electrolytes, esp. Mg and K - ANS-Therapeutic intervention for Hyper/hypovolemia
- weight gain = fluid retention& overload
- weight daily 2.2lb=1 liter (1000ml)
- measure: all edematous parts, abdominal girth
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