Exam (elaborations)

Bio 252 Final Exam Review Questions and Correct Answers

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Course
BIO 252

Institution
BIO 252

What are atoms called that have a different number of electrons than protons? Ions Why is H2O both a compound and a molecule, but O2 is just a molecule? H2O is a particle that has more than one kind of atom, while O2 is a particle that contains only one kind of atom. Which compound uses ionic bon...

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bio 252 final exam review questions and correct an
what are atoms called that have a different number
why is h2o both a compound and a molecule but o2

Institution BIO 252
Course BIO 252

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Bio 252 Final Exam Review Questions
and Correct Answers
What are atoms called that have a different number of electrons than protons? ✅Ions

Why is H2O both a compound and a molecule, but O2 is just a molecule? ✅H2O is a
particle that has more than one kind of atom, while O2 is a particle that contains only
one kind of atom.

Which compound uses ionic bonds to hold its atoms together? ✅The compound that
forms table salt

Which type of molecule is your body's preferred energy source? ✅Carbohydrates

What is the role of enzymes in the body? ✅Enzymes lower the amount of energy
needed for a chemical reaction to occur.

What is the correct order of structures that describe the levels of organization of your
body? ✅Subatomic particle, atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ
system, organism

Which type of molecule forms the main component of cell membranes?
✅Phospholipids

Which of the four types of major classes of molecules form the backbone of the
hormones estrogen and testosterone? ✅Lipids

What term is used to mean that a stimulus to one part of your body causes a response
in another part of your body? ✅Conductivity

What is a good example of adaptation? ✅The increase of the size of your muscles in
response to exercise

What requirement of your body supplies it with the amino acids necessary to make
proteins? ✅Food

What happens to the diameter of blood vessels near the surface of your body when
your body temperature rises significantly? ✅Vasodilation

Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell ✅True

,More peroxisomes than normal are found in the liver cells of people who drink
excessive amounts of alcohol ✅True

Lysosomes break down defective organelles and nutrients into smaller molecules using
digestive enzymes. ✅True

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the synthesis of lipids. ✅False

Chromatin granules are present in the nucleus and contain the cell's genes. ✅True

The nucleus is surrounded by a single membrane that prevents large molecules from
traveling in and out of the nucleus. ✅False

Ribosomes are embedded in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. ✅False

The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages chemicals it receives from the endoplasmic
reticulum. ✅True

During cell division, the centrioles stay located near the nucleus. ✅False

Flagella are only found in one type of human cell. ✅True

What does apoptosis mean and why is it important in the prevention of cancer?
✅Apoptosis refers to the self-destruction of cells. It allows cells that might form tumors
to be killed before they can divide.

What is the difference between cancerous tumors and benign tumors? Use the term
"metastasis" in your answer. ✅Cancerous tumors contain abnormal cells that can
travel to other parts of the body. This is called metastasis. The cells of benign tumors
stay in one place.

Give an example of a cancer where more than one factor causes it to develop.
✅Cervical cancer is more likely to develop in a woman who gets infected with HPV
and smokes than in a woman who gets infected with HPV but doesn't smoke.

What activity may cause up to 30% of all cancer deaths in the United States and in
Canada? ✅Smoking

Being overweight is a risk factor for some types of cancer. Please name four of them.
✅Breast, brain, colon, and thyroid cancer.

Give an example of a genetic mutation that can lead to cancer. ✅The BRCA1 and
BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of a woman developing breast cancer.

, What is an advantage of Mohs surgery? ✅Mohs surgery spares as much healthy
tissue as possible, while ensuring that all cancerous cells are removed.

What is the advantage of proton therapy over conventional radiation therapy? ✅Proton
therapy does less damage to healthy tissue as it can more precisely target a cancerous
tumor.

What is the advantage of targeted therapies over conventional chemotherapy?
✅Targeted therapies don't kill normal cells like conventional chemotherapy does.

What is the single most effective way to reduce the risk of getting cancer? ✅Don't
smoke.

What should you do if you have a family history of cancer? ✅Talk to your doctor about
a screening schedule and the pros and cons of testing to determine if you have mutated
genes that increase your risk of getting cancer.

What is the smallest complete living unit of the body? ✅The cell

What organelles are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and assist in the
building of proteins? ✅Ribosomes

Which organelle is used for the building of lipid and carbohydrate molecules?
✅Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

What type of molecule is found in the interior of the cell membrane, giving it strength?
✅Cholesterol Molecules

What is an example of a passive process, moving substances across the cell
membrane without requiring cellular energy? ✅Osmosis

What stage in cell division involves lining up the dyads in the middle of the cell?
✅Metaphase

When do the strands of genetic material in a cell's nucleus duplicate? ✅Interphase

What is the difference between cancerous and benign tumors? ✅Cancerous tumors
can send cells to other parts of the body, but benign tumors do not.

Which type of cancer is most often caused by a virus that is sexually transmitted.
✅Cervical Cancer

Which type of cancer treatment often kills normal rapidly dividing cells. ✅Conventional
Chemotherapy

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Bio 252 Final Exam Review Questions and Correct Answers

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