What is the function of the kidney? filter blood, create urine, and stabilize water
What are some of the functions the kidney can perform? remove metabolic wastes, maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, maintenance of acid-base balance, maintenance of blood pressure, regulation of erythropo...
Bio 252 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
What is the function of the kidney? ✅filter blood, create urine, and stabilize water
What are some of the functions the kidney can perform? ✅remove metabolic wastes,
maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, maintenance of acid-base balance,
maintenance of blood pressure, regulation of erythropoiesis, performing other metabolic
functions
How are metabolic wastes removed? ✅Through the urine
How does the kidney maintain electrolyte and fluid balance? ✅By conserving or
eliminating water, and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium ions)
How does the kidney maintain acid-base balance? ✅By conserving or eliminating
hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
How does the kidney maintain blood pressure? ✅By direct control of the body's blood
volume and secretes an enzyme that controls blood volume and peripheral resistance
How much blood does the kidney receive per minute? ✅1200 mL or roughly 1/4 of the
average cardiac output
What are the arteries of the kidney from largest to smallest? ✅renal artery ->
segmental artery -> interlobar artery -> arcuate artery -> interlobular artery
What is the glomerulus? ✅ball of capillaries where blood is filtered
What are afferent arterioles? ✅Deliver blood to the glomeruli of the kidney
what are efferent arterioles? ✅carries blood away from the glomerulus
What are peritubular capillaries? ✅-tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons
allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron
-efferent arterioles feed into them
What is the nephron? ✅functional unit of the kidney
What do nephrons do? ✅Filter blood and modify filtered fluid as it passes through
renal tubules
, What are the two divisions of the nephron? ✅renal corpuscle and renal tubule
What is the function of the renal corpuscle? ✅filter blood
What is the renal corpuscle composed of? ✅Glomerulus and an outer sheath of
epithelial cells called the glomerular capsule
What is the glomerulus composed of? ✅group of looping fenestrated capillaries
What are fenestrated capillaries? ✅- have pores that are present in their plasma
membrane and between endothelial cells
- make the capillaries extremely permeable and are the major source of filtration within
the kidney
What are podocytes? ✅modified epithelial cells that wrap around glomerular capillaries
and have extensions called pedicles
What do the pedicles weave into? ✅Filtration slits
What are filtration slits? ✅gaps between the cell processes of the podocytes, another
part of filtration
What is the purpose of the renal tubule? ✅fine tunes filtration
What are the three regions of the renal tubule? ✅proximal tubule, nephron loop, distal
tubule
What is the proximal tubules made of? ✅many microvilli projecting into the lumen of
the tubule to form a brush border
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? ✅Regulates blood pressure and
glomerular filtration rate
What does the distal tubule empty into? ✅collecting duct
When does filtrate become urine? ✅The end of the papillary duct
What do the nephrons and collecting system carry out? ✅filtration, reabsorption, and
secretion
What is glomerular filtration? ✅- filtering of the blood, occurs when blood passes
through the glomerular capillaries and some of the blood is filtered into the surrounding
capsular space
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
