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2024 PEDIATRICS HESI PRACTICE EXAM (EVOLVE) WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PEDIATRICS HESI PRACTICE EXAM (EVOLVE) WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PEDIATRICS HESI PRACTICEEXAM (EVOLVE) WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
A newborn who is breastfeeding is diagnosed with galactosemia. Which
action should the nurse implement?
a. Stop the infant breastfeeding.
b. Add amino acids to breast milk.
c. Give galactokinase with breast milk.
d. Substitute a lactose-containing formula. - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Stop the
infant breastfeeding.
Galactosemia is a rare genetic disorder that involves an inborn error of
carbohydrate metabolism in which a hepatic enzyme, galactokinase,
involved in the conversion of galactose to glucose is absent. Treatment
consists of eliminating all lactose-containing foods, including breast milk, so
the infant should stop breastfeeding. Soy protein formula is the feeding of
choice during infancy.
Which should the nurse assess last when examining a 5-year-old child?
a. Heart.
b. Lungs.
c. Throat.
d. Abdomen. - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. Throat.
Examination of the mouth, throat, and perineum is considered to be more
invasive than other parts of a physical examination. Invasive procedures
should be left for the end of the examination for a preschooler.
The nurse is triaging a child with a fever brought to the emergency
department by the parents. Which finding requires the nurse's immediate
intervention?
a. Prolonged exhalations.
b. Thick yellow rhinorrhea.
c. Frequent nonproductive cough.
,d. Oxygen saturation of 95% by pulse oximeter. - CORRECT ANSWERS-a.
Prolonged exhalations.
Prolonged exhalation indicates breathing difficulty and requires immediate
intervention. According to the American Heart Association's Pediatric
Advance Life Support (PALS) algorithm, a prolonged expiration in a pediatric
client is indicative of lower airway obstruction.
The community health nurse teaches the parents of school-age children
about the need for fluoride as part of a dental health program. Which
statement by the parents indicates that they understand the teaching?
a. "Excessive amounts of fluoride will make teeth turn brittle and yellow."
b. "Having our children brush with fluoride toothpaste is not effective."
c. "Use of fluoride in water is mostly effective during initial tooth formation."
d. "Dental caries can be prevented through fluoridation of public water." -
CORRECT ANSWERS-d. "Dental caries can be prevented through fluoridation
of public water."
Dental caries can be prevented through fluoridation of public water.
The nurse is assessing an infant with diarrhea and lethargy. Which finding
should the nurse identify that is consistent with early dehydration?
a. Tachycardia.
b. Bradycardia.
c. Dry mucous membranes.
d. Increased skin turgor. - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Tachycardia.
In early dehydration (during the first 2 days), fluid loss occurs first from the
extracellular and intravascular fluid spaces. Blood pressure falls and heart
rate increases in response to a diminished blood volume.
When conducting a hygiene class for adolescent girls, it is important for the
nurse to include which instruction about preventing toxic shock syndrome?
a. Wash your hands before inserting a tampon.
b. Use super absorbent tampons.
c. Wear cotton underwear.
d. Douche following menstruation. - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Wash your hands
before inserting a tampon.
The single most effective means of preventing infection is handwashing.
, The nurse is caring for an irritable, lethargic 18-month-old child who
swallowed several over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine tablets an hour ago.
Which intervention should the nurse implement?
a. Initiate gastric lavage.
b. Administer naloxone.
c. Give a dose of ipecac syrup.
d. Encourage oral intake of water or milk. - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Initiate
gastric lavage.
Gastric lavage should be implemented within 2 hours of ingestion to ensure
gastric removal of a noncorrosive substance, such as an OTC antihistamine.
Which sign of malignant hyperthermia should the nurse assess for during the
perioperative period in a child receiving general anesthesia?
a. Apnea.
b. Tachypnea.
c. Bradycardia.
d. Decreased blood pressure. - CORRECT ANSWERS-b. Tachypnea.
Malignant hyperthermia, a potentially fatal autosomal genetic myopathy, can
cause a change in vital signs that demands immediate attention in the
perioperative period when these individuals are exposed to anesthetic
agents. Early symptoms of the disorder include tachycardia and
tachyarrhythmia, tachypnea, hypercarbia, and metabolic and respiratory
acidosis. An elevated temperature is a late sign of the disorder.
A child with a penetrating eye injury comes to the school clinic. Which action
should the nurse implement?
a. Remove the object impaled in the eye and then apply a regular eye patch.
b. Place an ice bag over the eye until the healthcare provider is seen
c. .Irrigate the affected eye copiously with a cool sterile saline solution.
d. Apply a Fox shield to the affected eye and any type of patch to the other
eye. - CORRECT ANSWERS-d. Apply a Fox shield to the affected eye and any
type of patch to the other eye.
The treatment for a penetrating eye injury is not to remove or manipulate
the impaled object, but to apply a Fox shield over the eye, if available (not a
regular eye patch). Place an eye patch over the unaffected eye to prevent
bilateral eye movement. The child should be transported to the emergency
department immediately. If a Fox shield is not available, tape a paper cup
over the eye and object.
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