NSG 322 Pharm Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NSG 322
Institution
NSG 322
Prototype for antipsychotic (trade/generic), treatment for schizophrenia haldol/haloperidol
How long does it take the typical antipsychotic drug to reach its therapeutic effect? several days
What would you say if a patient calls and states that the antipsychotic drug isn't working within the 1st ...
NSG 322 Pharm Final Exam Questions
and Correct Answers
Prototype for antipsychotic (trade/generic), treatment for schizophrenia
✅haldol/haloperidol
How long does it take the typical antipsychotic drug to reach its therapeutic effect?
✅several days
What would you say if a patient calls and states that the antipsychotic drug isn't working
within the 1st couple of days? ✅keep taking it (they don't work right away)
What should we inform the patient about antipsychotics concerning taking the
prescription? ✅take consistently (doses need to build up in the body)
What receptors do antipsychotics (haldol/haloperidol) block? ✅dopamine, alpha, and
serotonin
Is haldol/haloperidol highly protein bound? ✅yes (92%)
How does the nurse make sure that the patient is complying and adhering to the
antipsychotic regimen? ✅build a relationship (establish trust)
Adverse effects of haldol/haloperidol ✅extrapyramidal effects (pseudoparkinsonism,
tardive dyskinesia); seizures
Stop giving haldol/haloperidol if the patient has this disease ✅parkinson's disease
(avoid starts and stops)
Where is haldol/haloperidol metabolized? ✅liver
What population has a black box warning associated with haldol/haloperidol? ✅elderly
patients with dementia-related psychosis
What is the prototype drug (trade/generic) used for alzheimer-type dementia?
✅exelon/rivastigmine
What enzyme does exelon/rivastigmine inhibit? ✅acetylcholinesterase enzyme
What effect does exelon/rivastigmine have on acetylcholine? ✅increases amount of
acetylcholine (prevents breakdown of it)
,What is the most common adverse effect of exelon/rivastigmine? ✅gi upset (take with
food)
What is the most serious side effect of exelon/rivastigmine? ✅bradycardia
Is exelon/rivastigmine curative or palliative? ✅palliative (does not cure the disease)
What does acetylcholine help regulate (think about what the brain does)? ✅regulates
memory and cognition
What metabolizes exelon/rivastigmine? ✅ache
What is the main route/dosage of exelon/rivastigmine? ✅po; 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 mg
Is exelon/rivastigmine highly protein bound? ✅no (40%)
What is the prototype (trade/generic) antiepileptic drug that decreases sodium influx
✅dilantin/phenytoin
What pt education should the nurse provide when talking about the suspension form of
phenytoin? ✅must be shaken (before pouring, measure the dose)
Is phenytoin highly protein bound? ✅yes (90-95%)
If the pt is homeless and is an alcoholic, would dilantin/phenytoin be effective? ✅no:
malnourished (pt may have seizures because there is not enough protein in the body)
What types of seizures does dilantin/phenytoin control? ✅partial and generalized
(grand mal) seizures
Where is dilantin/phenytoin mostly metabolized by? ✅liver
What is the primary site of action of dilantin/phenytoin? ✅motor cortex
Rate of metabolism among people when taking dilantin/phenytoin ✅varies greatly
How does dilantin/phenytoin work? ✅blocks inactive sodium channels (delays action-
potential b/t synapses, which prevents excessive muscle contractions during a grand
mal seizure)
What must the nurse do when administering phenytoin via iv route? ✅give slowly
(black box warning for effects on ventricular automaticity)
, In terms of the mentality of the pt, what should the nurse assess for in a pt taking
dilantin/phenytoin? ✅increase in suicidal thoughts (also affects cns w/ symptoms such
as ataxia)
What are 2 examples of the most serious adverse effects of dilantin/phenytoin? ✅liver
damage and blood dyscrasia
Can drug therapy of dilantin/phenytoin be stopped? ✅no (doing so can cause status
epilepticus)
What is dilantin/phenytoin contraindicated with? ✅alcohol intolerance and heart
conditions (sinus bradycardia, sa or av block)
What can happen if dilantin/phenytoin is administered too quickly via iv?
✅cardiovascular collapse (hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias)
What are two essential ideas the pt must know when beginning seizure drug therapy?
✅no alcohol and do not stop taking medication
What are the two best drugs for acute seizures? (trade/generic) ✅(benzodiazepines)
ativan/lorazepam, iv and valium/diazepam rectally (choose iv first)
What is the prototype benzodiazepine drug (trade/generic)? ✅ativan/lorazepam
What therapeutic effects does ativan/lorazepam have on the body? ✅sedation:
decreases anxiety and seizures
Is ativan/lorazepam highly protein bound? ✅yes (85%)
What do benzodiazepines do? ✅increase effects of gaba (inhibitory neurotransmitter
of the cns)
What is the site of action of ativan/lorazepam? ✅brain
What are some contraindications of ativan/lorazepam? ✅psychoses, glaucoma, intra-
arterial use
What happens if the pt suddenly stops ativan/lorazepam after prolonged periods of
time? ✅physical dependence (withdrawal symptoms could occur)
What kind of seizures are benzos (clonazepam) used for? ✅absence, atonic, and
myoclonic (also for absence seizures when ethosuximide has failed)
Is clonazepam highly protein bound? ✅yes (85%)
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