CLEP American Government Exam | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated
2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions
Gibbons versus Ogden - (1824) control trade with other states (interstate commerce)
Marbury versus Madison - Established judicial review
Brown versus board of education - 1954 refuted "seperate but equal", school board.
Paved way for segregation.
Miranda versus Arizona - Must be read rights before arrest
Baker versus Carr - One person, one vote
Bowers versus hardwick - Right to privacy (homosexuality)
Roe versus wade - Right to privacy; right to terminate pregnancy.
Dred Scott versus Sandord - Scott to remain a slave
Gideon versus Wainwright - Due process (appoint counsel)
Plessy versus Ferguson - 1896 did not prohibit segregation
Bowsher versus Synar - Unconstitutional usurpation of executive power by Congress
Lochner versus New York - "Right to free contract" was implicit in the due process
clause
Ferguson versus Skrupa - Disavowed the previous practice of assessing the wisdom of
state legislation regulating economic activity
McCullouch versus Maryland - Declined Maryland the right to tax the national bank
Garcia versus San Antonio - Requires that employers provide minimum wage and
overtime pay to their employees, to state and local governments
Hawaii housing authority versus Midkiff - State could use the eminent domain process
to take land overwhelmingly concentrated in the hands of private landowners and
redistribute it to the wider population of residents
Korematsu versus United States - Required Japanese-Americans in the Western United
States to be excluded from a described West Coast Military area
, Mapp versus Ohio - Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court. Fourth
amendment "search and seizure".
New York Times Co versus Sullivan - Freedom of the press "libel law"
Regents of the University of California versus Bakke - Found quota or percentage
requirements in university admissions unconstitutional
Schenck versus U.S. - Invented the famous "clear and present danger" test to
determine when a state could constitutionally limit an individual's free speech rights
under the First Amendment
1st Amendment - Freedom of speech
2nd Amendment - Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment - Soldiers cannot be in citizens homes without owners consent
4th Amendment - Disallows illegal search and seizure without probable cause
5th Amendment - Cannot be tried twice for the same crime. Right to remain silent.
6th Amendment - Right to a speedy trial
7th Amendment - Right to a jury trial
8th Amendment - No cruel and unusual punishment. Cannot execute mentally retarded.
9th Amendment - The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights shall not be
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people
10th Amendment - Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not
granted to the federal goverment by the constitution, or prohibited to the States, are
reserved to the states.
12th Amendment - Due to the confusion of the election of 1800 (Jefferson vs. Burr) it
created seperate ballots for the President and Vice President, instead of just giving Vice
President to the runner up. Also granted the House to vote for President if no candidate
gets the 270 Electoral votes.
13th Amendment - Abolishment of Slavery
14th Amendment - All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of
the United States and the state they reside
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