NSG 322 Practice Test Questions and
Correct Answers
Adrenergic agonists ✅Mimic actions of SNS, NOnslective stimulate alpha and beta
receptors aka epinephrine
Centrally acting alpha 2 agonists ✅Stimulates alpha 2 receptors in medulla oblongata
and inhibits SNS aka clonidine
Direct acting vasodilator ✅Hydralazine, produces direct smooth muscle relaxation of
arterioles
Heart failure ✅Inability of heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the tissues for oxygen
and nutrients, fluid overload or not good tissue perfusion (risk for 1 in 5) 50% over 65,
half of patients die within 2 years
Mechanisms of HF ✅Sympathetic activation response to low co (inc hr), decreased co
reduce kidney perfusion and leads to volume retention = increased preload = heart
pump harder, cardiac hypertrohpy
Left HF ✅Characterized by: pulm congestion, crackles and cough
Most common cause, systolic HF, inability of heart to generate adequate co! Ability of
heart contraction decreases= SV falls = diastolic volume increase = dilation of heart and
increase of preload and after load
Diastolic: heart can't fill properly because muscle is stiff = fluid accumulation
Want to improve ventricular relaxation
Right HF ✅Systemic Venous congestion and peripheral edema
Cardiac glycosides ✅Digoxin, increases force of cardiac contraction and co, narrow
therapeutic index, increases intracellular calcium, helps with afib, can't give heart rate
under 60, slows heart rate, decreased conduction
Arrhythmia ✅Any rhythm that does not start at SA node, most common cause is MI
Bundle of his ✅Automatic firing rate between 40 and 60, fires when SA node does not
generate impulse normal (left-conduction velocity exceeds right)
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