A patient with hypertension has which physical symptom?
A. Decreased resistance, which may increase CO
B. Increased resistance, which may decrease CO
C. Increased resistance, which may increase CO
D. Decreased resistance, which may decrease CO - Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertension increases resistance. Increased resistance may decrease cardiac output.
Decreased resistance may increase cardiac output.
Which is true of the electrical conduction system of the heart?
A. It is primarily controlled by the movement of uncharged ions.
B. It has a positive resting membrane potential.
C. It is reflected in the waveforms on the electrocardiogram. D. It requires cells that respond only to
stimulus from the autonomic nervous system. - Answer: C
Rationale: The electrical conduction system is controlled by the movement of charged ions across the
cell membrane, has a negative resting membrane potential, and is composed of cells with the property
of automaticity, which is reflected in the waveforms on the electrocardiogram.
What is the composition of the heart?
A. Four chambers with four valves that control flow through the heart and lungs through changes in
pressure
B. Four chambers and four valves that control flow through the heart and lungs through changes in
oxygen levels
C. Two chambers on the right receiving blood from the high-pressure venous system and two chambers
on the left sending blood into the low-pressure arterial system
, D. Two chambers on the right receiving oxygenated blood from the venous system and two chambers
on the left receiving deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit - Answer: A
Rationale: Flow through the heart is controlled through changes in pressure, not oxygen. The arterial
system is a high-pressure system; the venous system is a low-pressure system. Deoxygenated blood is
returned to the right heart to be circulated through the lungs for gas exchange—oxygenated blood then
flows through the left heart to the systemic circulation.
A nurse is providing care for a patient newly diagnosed with heart disease. Which dietary, activity, or
lifestyle modification(s) should be included in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
A. Stop smoking.
B. Drink lots of water.
C. Limit sedentary lifestyle.
D. Eat a diet rich in red meat protein.
E. Limit alcohol - Answer: A, C, and E
Rationale: Smoking, exercise, and alcohol intake are modifiable risk factors for heart disease. Patients
should not be told to drink lots of water as the heart may not be able to handle excessive fluids. A diet
rich in red meat is a risk factor.
What is the most likely procedure to determine the cause of severe chest pain in the patient newly
admitted to the hospital?
A. Coronary angiography
B. Nuclear stress testing
C. Right heart catheterization
D. TEE - Rationale: Coronary angiography is done to specifically evaluate the coronary arteries. Stress
testing evaluates heart functioning during times of increased workload. Right heart catheterization
evaluates cardiac filling pressures, cardiac output, and valvular function. Transesophageal echo
evaluates the posterior aspect of the heart and the presence of clots.
What is an important nursing action post cardiac catheterization interventions?
A. Early mobilization to prevent clot formation
B. Fluid restriction to avoid fluid overload
C. Bedrest to avoid stress on cannula insertion site
D. Head of bed at 30 degrees for respiratory support - Answer: C
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