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Domain 2: Clinical Evaluation & Diagnosis: Special Tests NATA BOC, Goniometry, Pathophysiology & Patho BOC Exam | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions $13.48   Add to cart

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Domain 2: Clinical Evaluation & Diagnosis: Special Tests NATA BOC, Goniometry, Pathophysiology & Patho BOC Exam | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

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Domain 2: Clinical Evaluation & Diagnosis: Special Tests NATA BOC, Goniometry, Pathophysiology & Patho BOC Exam | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

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  • August 7, 2024
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VasilyKichigin
Domain 2: Clinical Evaluation & Diagnosis: Special Tests NATA BOC, Goniometry,
Pathophysiology & Patho BOC Exam | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated
2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions


Pain types - Nerve pain➖ sharp, bright, burning.

Bone pain➖piercing and localized

Vascular pain➖aching, poorly localized, and referred.

Muscle pain➖ dull, aching, and referred.

Pain stops during activities ➖ chronic inflammation

Pain increases in joint throughout the day➖ progressive edema.



Endpoints - Normal➖ soft tissue: soft and spongy, painless, gradual stop. Capsular: abrupt, hard, firm
with a little give. Bone to Bone: distinct and abrupt, two hard surfaces come into contact. Muscular:
springy feel with some discomfort.

Abnormal➖ empty feel: movement beyond abnormal limit, pain before end of ROM (complete ligament
rupture). Spasm: involuntary muscle contraction that prevents motion due to pain (guarding, back
spasm). Loose: extreme hyper mobility (sprained ankle). Springy block: rebound at end point ( meniscus
tear).



Manual muscle testing - Normal 5 Complete ROM against gravity with maximal resistance

Good 4 Complete ROM against gravity with moderate resistance

Fair + 3 + Complete ROM against gravity with minimal resistance

Fair 3 Complete ROM against gravity with no resistance

Fair - 3 - Some, but not complete, ROM against gravity

Poor + 2 + Initiates motion against gravity

Poor 2 Complete ROM with some assistance and gravity eliminated

Poor - 2 - Initiates motion if gravity is eliminated

Trace 1 Evidence of slight muscular contraction; no joint motion

Zero 0 No muscle contraction palpated



Cranial Nerves - 1-Olfactory: smell

,2-Optic: vision

3-Oculomotor: eye movement

4-Trochlear: inferior and lateral eye movement

5-Trigeminal: sensation of the face and mastication

6-Abducens: lateral eye movement

7-Facial: facial expressions, taste

8-Vestibulecochlear: hearing and equilibrium

9-Glossopharyngeal: swallowing, salivation, and gag reflex

10-Vagus: swallowing and speech

11-Accessory: swallowing, sternocleidomastoid

12-Hypoglossal: tongue movement.



Neurological exam - Cerebral➖ questions that assess level of consciousness, intellectual performance,
emotional status, thought content, sensory, and language skills.

Cerebellar➖ coordination (finger to nose, heel toe walking)

Sensory Testing➖ peripheral nerves. Dermatomes (area of skin activated by a single nerve). Myotomes
(muscle group or a muscle innervated by a specific motor nerve)

Reflex Testing➖ deep tendon (stimulation of stretch reflex and results in involuntary muscle contraction
when tendon is stretched) superficial (skin stimulation at specific sites which produce muscle
contraction)



Inflammatory process - Inflammatory response, fibroblastic repair, maturationremodeling phase



Inflammatory response - Redness (rumor), swelling (tumor), tenderness (dolor), increased temperature
(calor), loss of function (functio laesa).

This is critical to the entire process.



Fibroblastic repair - Healing of proliferative and regenerative activity leading to scar formation and
repair. Scar formation begins within the first few days and lasts as long as 4-6 weeks. May be tender to
touch.

,Maturation Remodeling phase - A long term process. Realignment/ remodeling of cologne fibers that
make up scar tissue. May require several years to complete.



What is a clot made out of? - Fibrin



Edema - Increased pressure caused b swelling retards the healing process. It is best controlled and
managed during first aid management period.



Asymmetry - Lack of symmetry of sides of the body.



Atrophy - Wasting away of tissue or of an organ. A decrease in the size of a body part or muscle



Deformity - Malformation of a body part by birth or by an injury



Functional test - Determines if the athlete has full strength, joint stability, and coordination as well as
being pain free



Gait - Functional evaluation of someone's walking or running styles.

Step➖ sequence of events from a specific point in the gait of one extremity. Initial contact for both feet

Step length➖ linear distance covered by a step. One limb

Step width➖ distance between the points of contact of both feet

Stride➖ two sequential steps

Stride length ➖ distance covered by both limbs

Stance phase➖ the weight bearing phase of gait, starting on initial contact with the surface and ending
when contact is broken.

Swing phase➖ the non weight bearing phase, begins the instant the foot leaves the ground and ending
before initial contact of the ground again.

Stance phase➡️initial contact➡️loading response➡️midstance➡️terminal stance➡️preswing➡️swing
phase➡️initial swing➡️mid swing ➡️terminal swing.

, Sphygmomanometer - An instrument used to measure blood pressure. The inflatable cuff



Dynamometer - Hand held device to measure grip strength



Otoscope - Used for visual examination of the ear drum and passage of the outer ear



PO - By mouth



Q - Every



BID - Twice a day



QD - Once a day



TID - Three times a day



QID - Four times a day



PRN - As needed



NPO - Nothing by mouth



h. - Hour



h.s. - Bedtime, hour of sleep



Rotator cuff special tests - Empty can, full can, dropping sign, gerbers lift off sign, napoleons sign, pattes
test

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