"free hand" technique - The transducer and the needle are not connected .
Sinologist may hold the transducer in one hand and the needle in the other or sonographer may hold the
transducer while the sonologists holds the needle.
Is used to drain ascites, pleural fluid and superficial lesions.
Ab...
Chapter 6 DMSO
"free hand" technique - The transducer and the needle are not connected .
Sinologist may hold the transducer in one hand and the needle in the other or sonographer may hold the
transducer while the sonologists holds the needle.
Is used to drain ascites, pleural fluid and superficial lesions.
Abdominal and retroperitoneal color doppler images - - splenic vein and arter
- portal vein and renal veins and arteries
Should be used to demonstrate blood flow direction and patency as requested or required. \
Abdominal and retroperitoneal color doppler images with spectral Doppler used for looking at major
abdominal vessels - - liver
- kidneys
- aorta
- IVC
Abdominal and retroperitoneal fluid collection (abscess, ascites, or hemorrhage) should be investigated -
Midquadrants: transverse images at the level of the umbilicus
Lower quadrants: transverse images at the level of the iliac crests
Pelvis: sagittal midline image
Abdominal and retroperitoneal sonography - For abdominal or right upper quadrants: patients are
to avoid eating for 6 to 8 hours before their examination (reduce the amount of bowel gas). NPO after
midnight to perform exam in the morning.
,Pediatric patients: NPO for 4 to 6 hours the flow through the portal vein and the diameter of the
common bile duct (CBD) will be affected by eating and drink certain fluids.
Post cholecystectomy patients: need to be NPO for 4 to 6 hours because measurements are based on
preprandial state.
Urinary tract examination: patient should drink two to four 8 ounce glasses of liquid 1 hour before the
test to fill the urinary bladder.
Smoking and chewing gum introduces air into the stomach
Abdominal and retroperitoneal visualization should consist of size, echo texture and any pathology. -
Should be documented in longitudinal and transverse planes. The echogenicity of the liver and
right kidney, spleen and left kidney and liver and pancreas should be compared.
- liver
- Gallbladder
- Common duct
- kidneys
- pancreas
- spleen
- Diaphragm
- aorta
- IVC
Abdominal position - Patient is placed in the supine position
Upright, right and left lateral decubitus positions are used to visualize vessels obscured by intestinal
bowel gas.
Prone position helps visualize internal vessels
, ACR - American College of Radiology
Aium - American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
An echocardiography is required to have knowlege in? - - cardiac anatomy,
- physiology
- pathology
- valvular disease
- ventricular wall movement
- congenital hear abnormalities.
Chorionic villus sampling - The CVS test/procedure is form of prenatal ties in the fetus in which a
sample of the chorionic villi is obtained and tested. CVS generally is perfomed on pregnant women older
than age 35 and those have a higher risk of Down syndrome and other chromosomal conditions. The
advantage of CVS is that it can be perfomed at 10 to 12 weeks' gestation. This is earlier than
aminocentesis (which is usuallyperformed atd at 15 to 18 weeks' gestation). However, CVS is riskier than
aminocentesis.
Contraindications to stress echocardiography are patients with - - myocardial infarction
- unstable angina
- Serious cardiac dysrhythmias
- acute pericarditis
-severe hypertension
- acute pulmonary embolism
Coronal - This scan plane is vertical plane at right angles to the sagittal plane. The coronal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
" banana peel" used to see the origins of the renal arteries
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