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USMLE step 3 Exam Prep Questions And Answers ()
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USMLE World Ophthalmology Exam Prep Questions And Answers(202472025)
How does acute angle glaucoma present? - ✔✔acute onset of severe eye pain and
blurred vision associated with nausea and vomiting. Exam reveals a red eye with
steamy cornea and moderately dilated pupil that is non reactive to light
How does primary open angle glaucoma present? - ✔✔(more common in African
Americans)
ASx usually (initial stages)
Gradual loss of peripheral vision over a period of years, and eventual tunnel vision.
Exam: intraocular pressure high and there may be cupping of optic disc with loss of
peripheral vision.
Tx: beta-blockers such as timolol eye drops are effective in the inital mgmt of the
pt. laser trabeculoplasty is used as an adjunctive measure. If there is a continuous
increase in intraocular pressure, surgical trabeculectomy is done.
What is presbyopia? - ✔✔common age-related disorder that results from the loss of
elasticity in the lens
- decreased elasticity prohibits accommodation of the lens, which is required in order
to focus on near objects
- pts will hold reading material at a further distance
- age of onset usually in 40s
- can be improved w/ reading glasses
What neurologic conditions are seen in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state without
ketoacidosis? - ✔✔common in Type 2 diabetics
Neuro sx:
- decreased consciousness
- blurred vision (caused by hyperglycemic hyperosmolarity, secondary to osmotic
diuresis that causes dehydration and serum hyperosmolarity)
, How does opitc neuritis present? - ✔✔central scotoma, afferent pupillary defect,
changes in color perception and decreased visual acuity
How does cataract present? - ✔✔vision-impairing disease characterized by blurred
vision and a glare
- due to progressive thickening of the lens
- caused by oxidative damage with aging
Tx: lens extraction
- phacoemulsification
- extracapsular cataract extraction
- intracapsular cataract extraction
Cataracts doe not recur
How does age-related macular degeneration present? - ✔✔>50yo
progressive and bilateral loss of central vision
navigational vision is preserved
due to degenreation and atrophy of outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's
membrane and choriocapillaries
What is Trachoma? - ✔✔caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotype A-C
Major cause of blindness worldwide
Active phase: follicular conjunctivitis and pannus (neovascularization) formation in
the cornea.
Concurrent infection occurs in the nasopharynx, leading to nasal discharge
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