Exam (elaborations)
BIO 669 Quiz 1 Fall 2024 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Latest Update 2024/2025.
- Course
- Institution
BIO 669 Quiz 1 Fall 2024 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Latest Update 2024/2025.
[Show more]
Content preview
BIO 669 Quiz 1 Fall 2024 Questions And Answers WithVerified Solutions Latest Update 2024/2025.
What are the two most important intracellular buffers? - ANSWER phosphate/proteins
Thirst prompts fluid intake through action of ________ located in the __________. - ANSWER
osmoreceptors/hypothalamus
Fluid distribution - ANSWER Movement of fluids within the body
Composition of fluids - ANSWER The electrolytes present in fluids
Electrolytes - ANSWER Key ions that affect cell function
Extracellular ion - ANSWER Ion present outside the cell
Retention of water - ANSWER The effect of Na+ on overall fluid volume
Intracellular ion - ANSWER Ion present inside the cell
Membrane potential - ANSWER The electrical potential difference across a cell membrane
Repolarizing/hyperpolarizing - ANSWER Restoring or increasing the membrane potential
Hydrogen ion - ANSWER Critical for control of pH and protein structure
Buffers - ANSWER Substances that help maintain pH balance
Anionic proteins - ANSWER Proteins with a negative charge
Hemoglobin - ANSWER Protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells
Carbonic acid - ANSWER Formed from the conversion of H+ and bicarbonate
Respiratory system - ANSWER Involved in control of pH in the plasma
Immune system - ANSWER Comprised of innate and adaptive responses
Innate response - ANSWER Immediate response to damage, infection, or foreign bodies
Granulocytes - ANSWER Type of white blood cells involved in innate response
Monocytes/macrophages - ANSWER Type of white blood cells involved in innate response
NK cells - ANSWER Type of white blood cells involved in innate response
Plasma proteins - ANSWER Proteins involved in innate response
Inflammation - ANSWER Response to damage, infection, or foreign bodies
Signaling molecules - ANSWER Molecules involved in immune response
Adaptive response - ANSWER Slower response that identifies specific targets and develops
memory
, Innate immunity - ANSWER First line of defense, physical and biochemical barriers
Physical barriers - ANSWER Skin, linings of gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory
tracts
Sloughing off of cells - ANSWER Shedding of cells as a defense mechanism
Coughing and sneezing - ANSWER Expelling foreign particles through airways
Flushing - ANSWER Elimination of waste through urine
Vomiting - ANSWER Expelling harmful substances through the digestive system
Mucus and cilia - ANSWER Protective substances and hair-like structures in respiratory tract
Epithelial cell-derived chemical barriers - ANSWER Saliva, tears, earwax, sweat, and mucus
with antimicrobial peptides
Normal microbiome - ANSWER Unique colonization of bacteria and fungi in specific locations
Inflammatory response - ANSWER Nonspecific immune response to injury, characterized by
redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function
Increased vascular permeability and leakage - ANSWER Expansion of blood vessels and
release of fluid and cells into tissues
Vascular responses - ANSWER Blood vessel dilation and increased blood flow
Inflammation goals - ANSWER Prevent infection, initiate adaptive immune response, initiate
healing, limit and control inflammation
Plasma protein systems - ANSWER Identify pathogens, complement antibodies, and ramp up
inflammation
Complement system - ANSWER Produces biologically active fragments to recruit phagocytes,
activate mast cells, and destroy pathogens
Coagulation system - ANSWER Forms fibrinous meshwork to prevent infection spread, localize
microorganisms, and stop bleeding
Histamine - ANSWER Activates and assists inflammatory cells, causes dilation of blood vessels
and increased vascular permeability
Mast cells - ANSWER Cellular bags of granules containing histamine, cytokines, and
chemotaxic factors
Chemotactic factors - ANSWER Attract neutrophils and eosinophils to the site of inflammation
Leukotrienes - ANSWER Product of arachidonic acid with similar effects to histamine
Prostaglandins - ANSWER Similar effects to leukotrienes, induce pain
Endothelium - ANSWER Adheres to connective tissue matrix, regulates inflammatory
components
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Amazingsirpaul. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73091 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now