BNAD 277 exam 1 Questions and
answers | Updated 2024/25
Big test statistic means - Small P value
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ii Do you need to deal with one or two-tailed tests with an ANOVA? - No
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Two tailed test affects alpha - Critical approach: Divide alpha by 2
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P-value approach: once you get the last range. Double it t ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii Proportions problems never use - standard deviation or variance ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii Only use confidence intervals - With two-tailed tests
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If the sample distributions are extremely far apart. Am I more or less likely to reject the
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ANOVA ? - More likely bc the test statistic with be bigger which means ur more likely to
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find a difference and therefore reject
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t distribution - same as z distribution, but for when you only have the sample standard
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deviation (not population) and have finite degrees of freedom
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z distribution - a normal distribution of standardized scores. used to find the chance of
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being a certain distance away from the center of the distribution or expected value when
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you have infinite degrees of freedom (or know the population standard deviation)
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standard error - same as standard deviation but for sampling. Tells us how far, on
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average, each observation was from the center of the distribution or expected value
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porpotion - think fractions or percentages (e.g. percentage of rainy days or porprtion of
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studnets that use macs)
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ii alternative hypothesis - HA: The claim you want to prove ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
≠, >, < ii ii
ii null hypothesis - H0: Status quo/no action is required (the opposite of the alternative)
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=, ≥, ≤ ii ii
You think that the average height of male students at University of Arizona is higher than
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the national average of 5′9″. Set up the hypotheses to test this claim. - H0: The average
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height of male students at UofA is not above 5′9″
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HA:The average height of male students at UofA is above5′9″
ii
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, Using symbols: ii
H0: μ ≤ 5′9″ ii ii ii
HA: μ > 5′9″ ii ii ii
ii Write out the hypotheses (words or symbols) for the following claims:
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The proportion of students that wear hats is less than 20% - Ho: p≥.2 or
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Ho: The proportion of students that wear hats is not less than 20%.
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Ha: p<.2 or ii ii ii
Ha: The proportion of students that wear hats is less than 20%.
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ii significance level (alpha) - Level of unsureness ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ex: α = 0.05
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and read it as one of the following:
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Need to be at least 95% sure ii ii ii ii ii ii
or
Can be up to 5% unsure ii ii ii ii ii
ii determine if we can or cannot reject H0 and if we can or cannot conclude the claim: ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Testing to see if a phone battery lasts longer than 20 hours. α = 0.05 p-value = .003 - We
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can reject the null and can conclude that the phone battery lasts longer than 20 hours.
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ii determine if we can or cannot reject H0 and if we can or cannot conclude the claim: ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Testing to see if less people get their haircut on a weekday. α = 0.05 p-value = .29 - We
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cannot reject the null and cannot conclude that less people get their haircut on a weekday.
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Use the __ test when Comparing means with a known POPULATION standard deviation -
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Z
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Use the __ test when Comparing means with an unknown POPULATION standard
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deviation (only know sample SD) - T
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use the __ test when Comparing a proportion (doesn't use standard deviation so don't
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worry about it) - Z
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If the P-value is less than the significance level __ - you reject the null and accept the
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alternative
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If the P-value is greater than the significance level - you do not reject the null and do not
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accept the alternative
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