Class notes

Lecture Notes - Lecture 1, Developmental Biology, BioD104, UC Irvine

0 purchase

Course
Developmental Biology (BIOD104)

Institution
University Of California - Irvine

Typed class notes covering lecture 1 in the Development Biology course (code BioD104) at UCI. Document comes with color-coded notes and textbook diagrams.

[Show more]

Preview 1 out of 4 pages

View example

Uploaded on August 8, 2024
Number of pages 4
Written in 2019/2020
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Dr. ken cho
Contains All classes

$5.49

Also available in package deal from $15.49

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Also available in package deal (1)

Lecture Notes 1-7 for Developmental Biology course (BioD104) at UC Irvine

$ 38.43 $ 15.49 7 items

1. Class notes - Lecture notes - lecture 1, developmental biology, biod104, uc irvine
2. Class notes - Lecture notes - lecture 2, developmental biology, biod104, uc irvine
3. Class notes - Lecture notes - lecture 3, developmental biology, biod104, uc irvine
4. Class notes - Lecture notes - lecture 4, developmental biology, biod104, uc irvine
5. Class notes - Lecture notes - lecture 5 of developmental biology, biod104, uc irvine
6. Class notes - Lecture notes - lecture 6, developmental biology, biod104, uc irvine
7. Class notes - Lecture notes - lecture 7, developmental biology, biod104, uc irvine
Show more

Lecture 1 Abbreviation Key:
Friday, August 2, 2019 10:37 PM
b/c = because
b/w = between
w/ = with
expt = experiment
• Epigenesis: organisms develop via a sequence of steps where cells differentiate and organs form, during
ex. = example
different stages. New structures arising progressively -> need to acknowledge temporal and spatial
arrangement/location.
• Determinant development/Mosaic Theory: argues that 1-cell zygote contains specific determinants that
are distributed unequally b/w daughter cells (asymmetric cell division). Wilhelm Roux experiment
○ Determinants are spatially located.
○ Roux expt: stated separate function of cells had already been determined b/c specific determinants
went into certain cells during cell division-> Mosaic model.
• Regulative development: an embryo can regulate aspects of development even when some cells are lost.
Hans Driesch experiment
○ Mosaic Theory cannot explain Driesch's expt where separated cells still form the same (yet smaller) Environment encourages
organism that also arose from controlled 2-cell stage. specified cell to take on
○ If the Mosaic Theory was true, inducing apoptosis to one of the cells during the 2-cell stage would another cell fate. Determination Specification
effect the development of the organism, b/c a portion of determinants would be lost. But it didn't…
○ Driesch's work refuted both preformation and Mosaic Theory. Cell-to-cell interactions are important.
• NOW WE KNOW Development is all about regulation of gene expression.
○ Genome is normally identical in every cell, yet cells in an embryo differ b/c they express different
genes.
○ Gene expression is controlled by upstream developmental genes.
○ How is gene expression regulated? With enhancers? Enhancers interact w/ the promoter, which
allow them to control gene expression.

▪ Promoter: located before the coding gene -> give you where the gene is expressed in DNA.
▪ Enhancers: are at multiple locations upstream promoter. Can hold information on associated
genetic disease. -> Interest of study
• Development is progressive:
○ Early embryonic cells have great developmental potential.
○ The ability to switch fates (pluripotency) decreases as development progresses.
○ Start expressing only necessary genes; genes become "narrower and narrower" in their cell
lineage/fate.
○ Cells go thru a series of steps before acquiring their final differentiated states…
• Specification: the ability to differentiate autonomously when placed in a neutral environment (petri dish,
test tube, saline solution). Cell fate depends on environment. Reversible.
• Determination: the ability to differentiate autonomously even when placed into another region of the
embryo. Aka the cell differentiates according to it's original fate. Irreversible.
• Differentiation: process where one cell type changes to another, allowing morphological
changes/displaying specific phenotypes.
• How can cells acquire different characteristics? What mechanism determines different lineages?
1. Mosaic strategy: cytoplasmic localization + asymmetric cell division = distinct daughter cells
a. The properties of these cells will be defined by their lineage, not by their environmental cues.
b. One cell would acquire determinants, the other would not. -> Different cell fates
2. Via induction
a. Induction: occurs when a cell signal influences development of other cells.
b. Competency: the ability to respond to inductive signals. Competent cells respond to signals.
c. The response can be stage-specific (temporally regulated). How? Commitment/being competent
is a stage itself that can be controlled in development.
d. New structures are induced by cell signaling. Ex. Formation of eye cups.
• Inductive interactions can be:
○ Permissive: A cell makes only one kind of response to an inducing signal, and makes it when a
given level of signal is reached: a single outcome, all or none. All info is present in responder cells.
Responder cells hold the control. One response.
○ Instructive: different concentrations elicit different responses/cell types (dose-dependent effects).
Inducing cells provide info to responder cells. Inducing cells hold control. Concentration of
inducing cells -> various possible responses.
• Multiple cell types can be generated by a morphogen.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller PrinceAlixD. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $5.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67479 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling