cribriform plate - The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal
cavity.
anatomy of brain -
3 brain hemispheres and their functions - cerebrum (largest)
-sensory function
-motor function
-higher intellectual function
-intelligence
-memory
cerebellum
-primitive functions
-coordination
-balance
brainstem
-vital body function
-cardio-respiratory function
3 layers of meninges and it's function - protect cranial nerves and SC
-dura mater (superficial)
,-arachnoid
-pia mater (deep)
significance of foramen magnum - primary opening through which pressure can be released
-at base of skull
-where SC passes through
depressed skull fractures - -fragments of bone driven toward or into underlying brain tissue
open
-possible entry point for bacteria
closed
-increase risk of intracranial pressure
linear skull fractures - -usually no bone displacement
-*account for 80% of skull fractures*
basilar skull fractures - -fractures on floor of cranium
-*battle's sign* (ecchymosis over mastoid behind ears)
-*racoon eyes* (periorbital ecchymosis)
nasal fractures - -epistaxis
-edema
-ecchymosis
-nasal deformity
-crepitus
mandible fractures - -teeth no longer fit together properly or may be missing
, -crepitus or step off
mid-face fracutres - -face may appear asymmetrical or flattened
-inability to close mouth
-face pain and numbness
-crepitus
what are the 3 MOIs that you would consider spinal precautions for - -MVC
-fall >15ft
-IED blast involving MRAP vehicle
if casualty if showing signs of increased ICP what rate should you ventilate them at - 20 bpm and SPO2
>90%
contraindication of NPA - -Basilar skull fracture(s)
-Raccoon Eyes
-Battle Signs
-Maxillofacial trauma
-Exposed brain matter
-CSF draining from the nose, mouth, or ears
how to control hemorrhage for soft tissue injuries to head - control significant bleeding with pressure on
the edges of the wound (donut gauze)
how to control hemorrhage for complex scalp injuries to head - several gauze pads held in place by an
elastic roller bandage creates an effective pressure dressing to control significant bleeding
when should pressure dressing not be used for head injuries - do not apply pressure dressings to open
or depressed skull fractures
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