Who the first organized training school within a hospital for the insane in 1882? - Dr. Edward Cowles
Who developed the first nurse-organized training course for psychiatric nursing at Johns Hopkins
Hospital. - Effie Jane Taylor
Who recommended standards of training for psychiatric nurses, which led to improved education and
standards of care? - Laura Fitzsimmons
What year brought a transition towards deinstitutionalization in care for those with mental illnesses,
which led to an increase in the number of psychiatric patients receiving care in the community rather
than hospitals? - 1950s
What Act allowed for the expansion of the PMHCNS role into community and ambulatory settings as
they helped those who had been deinstitutionalized adapt (ANA, 2014). - The Community Mental Health
Centers Act of 1963
occur in a hospital, psychiatric facility or community setting. These services focus on psychiatric and
substance-related emergencies. - Crisis intervention and psychiatric emergency services
is a short-term treatment. It occurs in the inpatient setting providing care for acutely ill patients at risk
for harming self or others or unable to meet basic needs due to impairment. The focus is crisis
stabilization. - Acute inpatient care
may admit clients directly or accept transfers from acute inpatient care. They provide intermediate or
long-term care for patients at chronic risk to self or others or unable to function without supervision and
support due to mental disorders. They include treatment, habilitation and rehabilitation and may be
public, private, or state hospitals operated through the criminal justice system. - Intermediate and long-
term care
, provide acute symptom management, intensive treatment, and safe housing for patients who do not
require 24-hour medical management or nursing care. These programs can be free standing or step-
down facilities. - Partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient treatment (IOP)
provide 24-hour care and housing for an extended period. Services include psychoeducation, vocational
rehabilitation, and training for activities of daily living. - Residential Services
is provided in non-hospital community settings such as mental health clinics, homes, worksites, shelters,
crisis centers, senior centers, group homes, or schools. It can also provide care in an integrative primary
health care setting. - Community based Care
is a team treatment approach to provide comprehensive, community-based psychiatric treatment,
rehabilitation, and support to persons with severe mental illness (SMI). It provides individualized service
24 hours a day, 7 days a week. - Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
provide healthcare at a basic level rather than a specialized level. These providers address a majority of
personal healthcare needs. Healthcare consumers often seek care for mental health concerns at this
level for accessibility or to avoid the stigma associated with mental health services. - Primary care
Has provided recommendations for licensure, accreditation, certification, and education (LACE)
pertaining to all APRN practice. PMHNP certification exam criteria is set by the American Nurses
Credentialing Center (ANCC). - The consensus model
focuses on the application of competencies, knowledge, and experience to individuals, families, or
groups with complex psychiatric-mental health problems - Role of the PMHNP-APRN
involves a formally structured relationship between the therapist (PMHNP) and the healthcare
consumer that applies evidence-based methods to effect negotiated outcomes. - Psychotherapy
The PMHNP prescribes or recommends pharmacologic agents and may order and interpret diagnostic
and lab tests to assess treatment response or monitor for adverse effects. - Psychopharmacological
management
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