AP Biology AP EXAM Review; Questions & Answers
Latest Update 100% Solved
negative feedback Correct answer-a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates
reactions that reduce the stimulus
positive feedback Correct answer-a physiological control mechanism in which a change in
a variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change
polymer Correct answer-large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
hydrolysis Correct answer-a chemical process in which a compound is broken down and
changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water
phospholipids Correct answer-a molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of
biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
phosphorylation Correct answer-the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a
molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other molecules by
phosphorylation
chemiosmosis Correct answer-a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an
electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
fermentation Correct answer-the process by which cells break down molecules to release
energy without using oxygen
, AP Biology AP EXAM Review; Questions & Answers
Latest Update 100% Solved
gametes Correct answer-reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes
as body cells
meiosis Correct answer-a process in cell division during which the number of
chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which
results in the production of sex cells
somatic cell Correct answer-cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs, except
gametes
crossing over Correct answer-the interchange of sections between pairing homologous
chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
transcription Correct answer-process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is
copied into a complementary sequence in mRNA
codons Correct answer-a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
RNA splicing Correct answer-process by which the introns are removed from RNA
transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
, AP Biology AP EXAM Review; Questions & Answers
Latest Update 100% Solved
mutations Correct answer-random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the
sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity
transposons Correct answer-small mobile DNA segments
adaptations Correct answer-the behaviors and physical characteristics that allow
organisms to live successfully in their environments
natural selection Correct answer-process by which individuals that are better suited to
their environment survive and reproduce most successfully
vestigial structures Correct answer-remnant of a structure that may have had an
important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species
convergent evolution Correct answer-process by which unrelated organisms
independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
protists Correct answer-single-celled or simple multicellular eukaryotic organisms that
generally do not fit in any other kingdom
ciliates Correct answer-a group of protozoans that move by waving tiny, hair-like
organelles called cilia
, AP Biology AP EXAM Review; Questions & Answers
Latest Update 100% Solved
nitrogen fixation Correct answer-process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen
compounds that plants can absorb and use (ammonia)
acquired immunity Correct answer-immunity that the body develops after it overcomes a
disease, or through inoculation (such as vaccination)
sexual reproduction Correct answer-process in which genetic material from two parents
combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent
compound Correct answer-a substance formed by chemical union of two or more
elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight
hydrogen bond Correct answer-weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of
positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms
covalent bond Correct answer-a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons
between atoms in a molecule
eukaryotic cells Correct answer-contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by
membranes
Latest Update 100% Solved
negative feedback Correct answer-a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates
reactions that reduce the stimulus
positive feedback Correct answer-a physiological control mechanism in which a change in
a variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change
polymer Correct answer-large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
hydrolysis Correct answer-a chemical process in which a compound is broken down and
changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water
phospholipids Correct answer-a molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of
biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
phosphorylation Correct answer-the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a
molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other molecules by
phosphorylation
chemiosmosis Correct answer-a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an
electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
fermentation Correct answer-the process by which cells break down molecules to release
energy without using oxygen
, AP Biology AP EXAM Review; Questions & Answers
Latest Update 100% Solved
gametes Correct answer-reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes
as body cells
meiosis Correct answer-a process in cell division during which the number of
chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which
results in the production of sex cells
somatic cell Correct answer-cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs, except
gametes
crossing over Correct answer-the interchange of sections between pairing homologous
chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
transcription Correct answer-process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is
copied into a complementary sequence in mRNA
codons Correct answer-a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
RNA splicing Correct answer-process by which the introns are removed from RNA
transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
, AP Biology AP EXAM Review; Questions & Answers
Latest Update 100% Solved
mutations Correct answer-random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the
sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity
transposons Correct answer-small mobile DNA segments
adaptations Correct answer-the behaviors and physical characteristics that allow
organisms to live successfully in their environments
natural selection Correct answer-process by which individuals that are better suited to
their environment survive and reproduce most successfully
vestigial structures Correct answer-remnant of a structure that may have had an
important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species
convergent evolution Correct answer-process by which unrelated organisms
independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
protists Correct answer-single-celled or simple multicellular eukaryotic organisms that
generally do not fit in any other kingdom
ciliates Correct answer-a group of protozoans that move by waving tiny, hair-like
organelles called cilia
, AP Biology AP EXAM Review; Questions & Answers
Latest Update 100% Solved
nitrogen fixation Correct answer-process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen
compounds that plants can absorb and use (ammonia)
acquired immunity Correct answer-immunity that the body develops after it overcomes a
disease, or through inoculation (such as vaccination)
sexual reproduction Correct answer-process in which genetic material from two parents
combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent
compound Correct answer-a substance formed by chemical union of two or more
elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight
hydrogen bond Correct answer-weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of
positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms
covalent bond Correct answer-a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons
between atoms in a molecule
eukaryotic cells Correct answer-contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by
membranes
