what is an amphibolic pathway
~ both catabolic and anabolic
how is the krebs cycle amphibolic
~ the initial steps of the krebs cycle are anabolic because they involve the
creation of a six carbon intermediate called citrate from acetyl coA and oxaloacetate.
However the following steps are ...
✓~ the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell
catabolic pathway
✓~ breaking down complex organic molecules into their smaller subcomponents
which type of reactions are catabolic?
✓~ hydrolysis reactions
catabolic reactions are ________________________
✓~ energy conserving reactions that provide a ready source of reducing power
(electrons)
anabolic reactions
, ✓~ the synthesis of complex molecules from their simpler subunits
which types of reactions are anabolic?
✓~ dehydration synthesis reactions
which reactions require energy from reducing power of electrons?
✓~ anabolic reactions
where do the anabolic reactions get their electrons for energy?
✓~ from catabolic reactions who provide reducing power through electrons
how are microbes involved in elemental cycling?
✓~ nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and converting CO2 and CH4 to
organic molecules
nitrogen fixation
✓~ when microbes convert unusable nitrogen gas (N2) to useful ammonia (NH3)
nitrification
, ✓~ conversion of ammonia (NH3) to nitrate (NO3)
denitrification
✓~ conversion of nitrate (NO3) to nitrogen gas (N2)
energy
✓~ defined as the capacity to cause change or do work
what are the 2 units of energy
✓~ calorie and joule
calorie
✓~ amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water
from 14.5 celsius to 15.5
joule
✓~ unit of work energy; 1 cal = 4.184 J
work
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