Excretion is different for children. 2 considerations are...
~ ...infants under 9 months have decreased renal flow, meds are excreted more
slowly, resulting in toxicity potential.
What is the cause of decreased renal function in infants under 9 months?
~ lower renal blood flow, decreased g...
✓~ inflammation disorder of the airway walls associated with varying amount of
airway obstruction. It is triggered by stimuli such as stress, allergens, and pollutants.
bronchial asthma
✓~ is a COPD characterized by periods of bronchospasm resulting in wheezing and
difficulty breathing.
bronchiectasis
✓~ abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles secondary to frequent infection
and inflammation.
bronchodilators
, ✓~ drugs used primarily to treat COPD, particularly Asthma. Some may also be used
to treat restrictive pulmonary diseases.
bronchospasm
✓~ results when the lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic factors that
stimulate stimulate a bronchoconstrictive response.
chronic bronchitis
✓~ a progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lunch infections.
Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucous secretion result in airway obstruction.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
✓~ caused by airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung
tissues. Caused by 4 major pulmonary disorders: chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis,
emphysema, and asthma.
emphysema
, ✓~ a progressive lung disease caused by cigarette smoking, atmospheric
contaminants, or lack of the alpha1-antitrypsin protein that inhibits proteolytic
enzymes hat destroy alveoli (air sacs) within the lungs.
glucocorticoids
✓~ members of the corticosteroid family, are used to treat respiratory disorders,
particularly asthma. Have an anti-inflammatory action and are indicated if asthma is
unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy or if the client has an asthma attack while on
max doses of theophylline or an andrenergic drug.
mucolytics
✓~ act like detergents to liquefy and loosen thick mucous secretions so they can be
expectorated.
restrictive lung disease
✓~ is a decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of
elasticity of the lung. Types and causes of restrictive lung disease: Pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, lung tumors, thoracic deformities (scoliosis), and
disorders affecting the thoracic muscular wall (myasthenia gravis).
, Acute pharyngitis
✓~ inflammation of the throat; can be caused by a virus, beta-hemolytic streptococci,
or other bacteria. Can occur alongside a common cold, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis.
acute rhinitis
✓~ acute inflammation of the mucus membranes of the nose
allergic rhinitis
✓~ often called hay fever, which is caused by pollen or a foreign substance.
antihistamines
✓~ H1 blockers or H1 antagonists, compete with histamine for receptor sites,
preventing a histamine response.
antitussives
✓~ act on the cough-control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex.
common cold
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