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HMX Pharmacology Exam: Questions & A+ Solutions
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HMX Pharmacology Exam: Questions & A+ Solutions
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HMX Pharmacology Exam: Questions & A+ SolutionsThe esophagus is a flattened muscular tube approximately ___ cm in length in
adults. (Basics) Right Ans - 25 cm
The stomach has a ph between __ and __. (Basics) Right Ans - 1.5 and 3.5
Length small intestine in adults (Basics) Right Ans - 5 m
The large intestine is a tube about ___ m in length in adults. (Basics) Right
Ans - 1.5 m
Oral medication: A ___ is a liquid mixture that contains small, solid drug
particles floating inside. (Basics) Right Ans - Suspension
Oral medication: A __ is a liquid mixture in which the drug particles are fully
dissolved in a solvent. (Basics) Right Ans - Solution
An __ is a drug dissolved in an alcohol. an elixir is a drug dissolved in an
alcohol. (Basics) Right Ans - Elixir
A __ is a drug dissolved in a sugar based liquid. (Basics) Right Ans - Syrup
The __ is the circulation of blood from the abdominal organs to the liver, which
detoxifies substances entering the body from the GI tract. (Basics) Right
Ans - portal circulation
This portal circulation passes from the veins surrounding the GI tract into
the__, which delivers blood to the liver. Finally, the veins draining the liver
deliver blood into the hepatic vein which returns the blood, via the ___, to the
heart and eventually into the systemic circulation. (Basics) Right Ans -
hepatic portal vein/ inferior vena cava
A chemical reaction where two molecules covalently join, resulting in the loss
of a small molecule of water. (Basics) Right Ans - condensation reaction
,A chemical reaction where a molecule of water is incorporated into another
molecule, which is consequently split into two parts. (Basics) Right Ans -
hydrolisis reaction
Hydrolysis reactions are catalyzed by a broad class of enzymes called
hydrolases, which includes __, __, __ (Basics) Right Ans - lipases, proteases,
and nucleases.
A chemical reaction in which a small, polar, endogenous molecule is joined to
another molecule. (Basics) Right Ans - conjugation
Reduction and oxidation reactions involve the transfer of electrons. In __
reaction , a molecule loses electrons (Basics) Right Ans - oxidation
Reduction and oxidation reactions involve the transfer of electrons. In __
reaction, a molecule gains electrons (Basics) Right Ans - reduction
The cells that line the intestines are referred to as the__ which have a
specialized role in the absorption of nutrients (Basics) Right Ans -
intestinal epithelial cells
The kidneys filter the blood and produce a __ which is similar in composition
to plasma. It is this filtrate that will, after modification by the functional units
of the kidneys, form the urine. (Basics) Right Ans - filtrate
One of the main difference between the plasma and the filtrate is that the
filtrate has no __ since they are too large to pass from the plasma to the filtrate
when blood is filtered in the kidneys (Basics) Right Ans - proteins
Nephores are between the __ and the __ of the kidney (Basics) Right Ans -
cortex and the medula
On average there are __ nephrons per kidney per adult (Basics) Right Ans -
1,400, 000
The plasma enters the nephron through the __ (Basics) Right Ans - afferent
arteriole
, All filtrate from the nephron will eventually be transported through the
collecting duct into the __, which drains the filtrate out of the kidney into the
ureter. (Basics) Right Ans - renal pelvis
Small molecule drugs are defined by having a molecular mass of ____ Daltons
or less Right Ans - 900 Daltons
Small molecule drugs are typically given __ Right Ans - orally
The amount of drug that is available in the systemic circulation Right Ans -
Bioavailable
Pharmacokinetics involves these processes: (ADME) Right Ans -
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
The maximum concentration of drug achieved in the bloodstream is called: __
Right Ans - Cmax
__ is the time when the maximum concentration of a drug is archived Right
Ans - Tmax
A concentration corresponding to half the maximal concentration of drug in
the bloodstream. Right Ans - C50
__ is the lengh of time between the C50 and the cmax, which indicates the time
it tkes for 50% of the drug to be removed from the plasma after it reaches its
maximum concentration Right Ans - T half (elimination half-life)
__ is the mechanism of transportation of a drug when the drug passes from an
area of high concentration to an area with low concentration Right Ans -
passive diffusion
__ law states that a higher or grater surface area and a higher of greater
concentration gradient is going to result in a higher rate of diffusion, whereas
a larger diffusion distant is going to result in slower rate of diffusion Right
Ans - Fick's law
Mechanism of transport used by a drug to be absorbed in the GI: __, __, __
Right Ans - passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport.
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