Human Needs 4 Exam 1 (Patho
PharmConcepts Review QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024
1. What are the age related responses to death?:
*Infant/Toddler (1-3)*: No specific concept of death. Reacts more to pain,
discomfort, and separation anxiety
*Preschooler (3-5)*: Views death as a departure or sleep with no real
understanding of the inevitability. Views it as a punishment. Use play
therapy to gain their point of view.
*School-aged child (5-12)*: Personifies death (ghost, skeleton). Is more
afraid of mutilation. Accept any regression and protestive behavior they
may have.
*Adolescent (12-18)*: Has a mature understanding of death and may
have strong emotions about it. Worries about physical changes with
terminal illness. Peer and familial support important.
*Adult*: Views death as a disruption of their lifestyle and their significant
other's. Thinks about loss in terms of unmet goals. May experience
delayed grief.
*Older adult*: Aware of the inevitability of death. Has emphasis of
religious beliefs, reflection, and peace.
2. What does the MMSE entail?:
-Orientation (date, time location)
-Registration (Name 3 objects)
,-Attention and calculation (serial 7's; spell "world"
backwards) -Recall
-Language (name a pencil, repeat something, write a sentence, copy a
drawing) 3. What are the stages of general adaptation syndrome?:
Stage 1: Alarm - fight or flight
Stage 2: Resistance - adaptation, optimal adaptation to stress
Stage 3: Exhaustion - failure to adapt, depletion of bodily resources (may
lead to death)
4. What is Russel's sign?:
Calluses on the hand from vomiting seen in those with bulimia
nervosa.
5. What are SSRI's?:
(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
-First line antidepressants
-Less side effects
-No MAOI's within 14 days of having taken an SSRI
Citalopram
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertaline
6. What are TCA's?:
(Tricyclic Antidepressants)
-Antidepressant's
, -Therapeutic effect takes 1-2 weeks and full effect may not be until
4-8 weeks -Sedating side effect so administer at night time -
Anticholinergic effects
Doxepin
Imipramine
Mirtazapine
Amitryptiline
7. What are MAOI's?:
(Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
-Antidepressant appropriate for poor response to SSRI's and TCA's
-MUST avoid tyramine (No: sherry, red wine, liquers, MSG, sauerkraut,
fermented smoked meats, beef and chicken liver, cheese, overly ripe fruit,
coffee, tea, cola, avocados, and figs) - basically nothing that was aged or
fermented in any way. Must continue to follow this restriction for 2 weeks
after discontinuing.
Phenelzine
8. What is buspirone?: Buspar Non-benzo
Reduces anxiety
No sedative properties
No potential for addiction
Takes several weeks for effect so it cannot be a PRN
*Can NOT be taken with MAOIs or Haloperidol*
9. What is important to remember about Lithium?: Eskalith, Lithobid
1-2 weeks for therapeutic levels
Manages mania
Check renal function and thyroid first
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