people of European descent
~ poor metabolizers of antidepressants, anti psychotics, cardiovascular agents, and
isoniazid which can lead to toxicity
people of African descent
~ diminished therapeutic effects from beta blockers, Ace inhibitors and warfarin
people of Latin American descent
...
✓~ movement of the drug from the GI tract into the bloodstream after administration
distribution
✓~ movement of drugs from circulation into body tissues
metabolism (biotransformation)
, ✓~ body chemically changes drugs to a form that can be excreted
excretion
✓~ elimination of drugs from the body
disintegration
✓~ breakdown of oral drug into small particles
dissolution
✓~ process of combining small drug particles with liquid to form a solution
What are the two components of passive transport?
✓~ diffusion and facilitated transport
diffusion
✓~ drugs movement across cell membrane from high to low concentration
facilitated transport
, ✓~ relies on a carrier protein to move drug from high to low concentration
active transport
✓~ REQUIRES ENERGY (ATP) and carrier substance (enzyme)
pinocytosis
✓~ cell carries drug across membrane by engulfing drug particles
What are the factors that affect absorption?
✓~ blood circulation
pain, stress
food texture, fat content, temperature
pH
route of administration
How do drugs move from the GI tract to the liver?
✓~ via the hepatic portal vein
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