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Test Bank for Wardlaw's Perspectives in Nutrition, 12th Edition by Carol Byrd-Bredbenner 2024
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Test Bank for Wardlaw's Perspectives in Nutrition, 12th Edition by Carol Byrd-Bredbenner 2024
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Test Bank for Wardlaw's Perspectives inNutrition, 12th Edition by Carol Byrd-
Bredbenner 2024
Nutrition Care Process - systematic approach used by registered dietitians to ensure
that patients receive high quality, individualized nutrition care. This process involves
nutritional assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring and evaluation
Animal model - laboratory animal useful in medical research because it can develop a
health condition that is comparable to one occurring in humans and thus can be utilized
to learn more about causes of a condition and its diagnosis in humans, as well as
assess the usefulness and safety of new treatments or preventive actions
Case-control study - study in which individuals who have the condition in question are
compared to individuals without the condition
Single-blind study - study in which participants are kept uninformed about who is
assigned to the experimental or control group
Double-blind study - experiment in which neither the participants nor the researchers
are aware of each participant's assignment or the outcome of the study until it is
completed. A third party holds the code and data until the study is complete
Epidemiology - distribution and determinants of diseases in human populations
Epidemiologist - the study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health
and disease conditions in defined populations
Peer reviewed journal - journal that publishes research only after researchers who were
not part of the study agree that the study was carefully designed and executed and the
results are presented in an unbiased, objective manner. Thus, the research has been
approved by peers of the research team
Systematic Review - critical evaluation and synthesis of research studies focusing on a
specific topic or research question
, Evidence Analysis Library (EAL) - source of systematic reviews conducted by the
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics to guide clinical decisions
USDA Nutrition Evidence Library - source of systematic reviews to guide U.S. nutrition
programs and policies
e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA) - source of systematic reviews to
help countries implement effective nutrition interventions, policies, and programs
Cochrane Collaboration - source of systematic reviews to inform health-care decisions
Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs) - -Part of the DV generic nutrient standards set for
vitamins and minerals - except for sodium and potassium -Set for vitamins and most
minerals, all of which have established nutrient standards. -Based on 1968 standards.
Most experts agree updates needed. -Uses highest value.
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) - -Daily nutrient intake amounts sufficient for
97-98% of the population in a life stage. (Higher than general avg need but dropping
could risk deficiency in some.) -Based on EAR x 1.2 -Can only be set for nutrients with
an EAR -Additional consideration made when setting an RDA to nutrients ability to
prevent chronic disease rather than just deficiency. -Use to evaluate current intake for a
specific nutrient. The further intake strays above or below this value, the greater the
likelihood a person will develop nutrition related problems
Daily Values (DV) - -Generic nutrient standard used on Nutrition facts labels -Set on
RDI (Reference Daily Intakes) and DRV (Daily Reference Values) so there is one set of
standards for food labeling. -Set for persons ages 4 and older -Separate set for infants,
toddlers, pregnant and lactating women.
Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs) - -Set at AVERAGE daily energy (calorie)
intake for EACH life stage group. -Estimates based on energy expenditure -Men 2800,
Women 2400 - For most it is best estimate to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. -
Use to estimate energy needs according to weight, height, gender, age, physical
activity.
Daily Reference Values (DRVs) - -Part of DV-Fat 30%, Carb 60%, Sat fat 10%, Protein
10%, Fiber 11.5g per 1000 kcal. -Generic nutrient standard for energy producing
nutrients (fats, carbs, proteins, and fiber) -also covers cholesterol, sodium and
potassium- amounts of these don't vary by caloric intake. -Many do not have
established RDA -Based on 2000 calorie diet (thought to be average need)
Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) - -Daily nutrient intake amounts to meet the
needs of HALF of people in a certain life stage. -Only set when Food and Nutrition
Board agrees there is accurate method for measuring if intake is adequate (functional
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