NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 – MARYVILLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Nurs 615 Pharm
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Nurs 615 Pharm
NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 – MARYVILLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing?: Low albumin
= more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka protein) = increased adverse effects
2. What is a Black Box Warning:: is considered a contraindication t...
NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 – MARYVILLE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing?: Low
albumin
= more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka protein) =
increased adverse effects
2. What is a Black Box Warning:: is considered a contraindication to
administer that drug.
3. What is the drugs half-life?: Half-life specifically means the amount of
time it takes for an administered drug to be halfway cleared from the
system.
4. Peak of action:: the time between drug administration and maximum
concentra- tion of drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
5. Duration of action:: the time between onset of action and metabolism
of drug below the minimum needed for an effect. The length of time
you have the drug in your system.
6. According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing process?:
The first step is to define the patient's problem
7. The second step is to: specify the therapeutic objective
8. The third step is to: choose which drug or treatment is needed.
9. Step 4 of the WHO approach:: Start the treatment
10.Step 5 of the WHO approach:: Educate the patient
11.Step 6 of the WHO approach:: Monitor the treatment
12.Phase 1 of drug development:: The drug is tested on healthy volunteer
13.Phase 2 of drug development:: trials with people who have the
disease for which the drug is thought to be effective
14.Phase 3 of drug development:: Large numbers of patients in medical
research centers receive the drug in phase 3. This larger sampling
provides information about infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA
will approve a new drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
15.Phase 4 of drug development:: This phase is voluntary and involves
post- market surveillance of the drug's therapeutic effects at the
completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical company receives reports
from doctors and other health care professionals about the therapeutic
results and adverse effects of the drug. Some medications, for example,
have been found to be toxic and have been removed from the market
after their initial release.
16.Explain first pass metabolism: much of the drug is lost in the
absorption process. The liver metabolizes many drugs, thus reduces
the bioavailabilty of the drug.
17.What is the fasted route of absorption:: The fastest route of
, NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 – MARYVILLE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the IV
administration.
, NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 – MARYVILLE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
18.Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb?: The GI tract is lined
with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these cells in order
to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
19.What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a
given drug?: the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid
bilayers which form a semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are
generally permeable only to small and uncharged solutes, hence
whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect its absorption, since
ionic molecules are charged.
20.What is solubility?: Solubility favors charged species, permeability
favors neu- tral species. Some molecules have special exchange
proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the lumen into the
circulation.
21.Why does absorption occur at a slower rate for oral, IM, SQ routes?:
Ab- sorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane
systems of GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
22.The ability of a drug to cross a cell membrane depends on:: whether the
drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble drugs easily cross
through cell mem- branes; water-soluble drugs can't. Lipid-soluble drugs
can also cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain.
23.As a drug travels through the body, it comes in contact with?: proteins
such as the plasma protein albumin. The drug can remain free or bind
to the protein. The portion of a drug that's bound to a protein is inactive
and can't exert a therapeutic effect. Only the free, or unbound, portion
remains active. A drug is said to be highly protein-bound if more than
80% of the drug is bound to protein.
24. Identify drug metabolism and the role of isoenzymes in the p450 system-
: CYPs are the are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism
accounting for about 75% of the total metabolism.
25.Naturally occurring compounds may induce or inhibit CYP activity.: For
example, bioactive compounds found in grapefruit juice and some other
fruit juices including dihydroxy forgotten and parasitin A have been
found to inhibit CYP3a4 mediated metabolism of certain medications
leading to increased bioavailability and the strong possibility of
overdosing.
26.What does grapefruit have to do with CYP?: Grapefruit is an inhibitor
and will decrease the metabolism of drugs by the cyp enzymes
27.When 2 drugs are both metabolized by the p450 system the drug should
be: administered at separate times to prevent the metabolism of one
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