Exam (elaborations)
APES AP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
APES AP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
APES AP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
First Law of Thermodynamics - Answer-energy is neither created nor destroyed, may be
converted from one form to another.
Second Law of Thermodynamics - Answer-when energy is changed from one form to
another, some useful energy is degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat).
Energy - Answer-the ability to do work. Units of energy: joules, calories, kilocalories,
British thermal units (BTUs), Kilowatt-hours (kWh)
Power - Answer-the rate of doing work (work/time). Units of power: watts and kilowatts.
High quality energy - Answer-easily converted to useful work, organized and
concentrated (ex: oil and nuclear)
Low quality energy - Answer-not easily converted to useful work, disorganized,
dispersed (ex: heat).
Electromagnetic radiation - Answer-form of energy, travel as waves, e g radio waves,
IR, visible light, UV, gamma rays.
Ionizing radiation - Answer-enough energy to knock electrons from atoms, forming ions,
capable of damaging DNA. (Gamma, X rays, UV)
Radioactive decay - Answer-unstable radioisotopes decay releasing gamma rays, alpha
and beta particles.
Half-life - Answer-time it takes for ½ of the mass of a radioisotope to decay. A
radioisotope must be stored approximately 10 half lives before it has decayed to a safe
level.
Nuclear fission - Answer-nuclei of isotopes are split apart into smaller nuclei; used in
commercial nuclear reactors.
Nuclear fusion - Answer-2 isotopes of light elements are forced together at high
temperatures. Happens on sun and stars, very difficult to accomplish on Earth,
prohibitively expensive
Parts of hydrologic (Water) cycle - Answer-evaporation (transpiration = evaporation from
plants), condensation, precipitation
, Fate of precipitation - Answer-evaporation (transpiration), runoff or infiltration and
percolation.
Aquifer - Answer-water saturated layer in ground, can yield a usable amount of water.
Water table - Answer-upper surface (top) of the aquifer (zone of saturation)
Overdraft - Answer-withdrawing water from a resource faster than it is replenished
(discharge>recharge)
Recharge - Answer-water moving into a reservoir or aquifer
Cone of depression - Answer-lowering of water table around a pumping well.
Salt water intrusion - Answer-over pumping of groundwater near coast causes salt
water to move into aquifer.
Ways to conserve water - Answer-agriculture- drip irrigation
industry - recycling
home use - fix leaks, use gray water, low flow fixtures
Distribution of water on Earth - Answer-97 % seawater, 3% freshwater (2% icecaps and
glaciers, <1% in ground water, surface, organisms and atmosphere).
Major macronutrients - Answer-CHNOPS.
Micronutrients and trace elements - Answer-needed in small amounts.
Carbon - Answer-component of all organic molecules
Largest reservoir of carbon - Answer-(1) sedimentary rocks
(2) oceans.
Photosynthesis - Answer-Process by which plants convert CO2 to complex
carbohydrates (C6H12O6), removes C from atmosphere.
Cellular respiration - Answer-organisms break down carbohydrates; releases energy,
returns C to atmosphere.
Aerobic - Answer-requires oxygen
Processes that release C to the atmosphere - Answer-cellular respiration and
decomposition, fires, burning fossil fuels, volcanoes.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller biggdreamer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
72841 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now