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COMD 5070 exam 1 questions and correct answers latest update
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COMD 5070 exam 1 questions and correct answers latest update
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COMD 5070 exam 1 questions and correctanswers latest update
4 features of the scientific method - ANS 1) Science is empirical- we collect data and
interpret it (based on data)
2) Science is Deterministic - Things are not random. Because of cause and effect, we can draw
generalizations from the data that we have and extrapolate
3) Science is predictive - if you do this, then that will happen.
4) Science is parsimonious - use the simplest explanation possible, try to describe things in
economical terms so we can understand it. Use the simplest terms possible, but no simpler.
Why do SLPs use technology - ANS 1) Overcome listener bias - computer isn't influenced
by what it has heard before. It is a consistent, reliable measure.
2) Describe severity objectively - standardizes measures of speech
3) Track progress over time - helps demonstrate treatment efficacy
4) Helps to comply with ASHA's focus on EBP - provides hard data to measure rather than just
gut feelings about progress based on experience.
5) Biofeedback- computer display in real time - ex: visipitch shows intonations on screen in real
time, shows them progress as they speak, better than playing back a recording.
How can acoustics help? - ANS acoustics can tell us a lot about what is going on that can't
be seen. Acoustics is a way of using quantitative measures to to describe a physical
phenomenon, rather than relying on our human impressions
Frequency - ANS how frequently a waveform repeats. Measured in Hz (cycles per second).
Within the same window length, a higher frequency sound wave will show more repetitions than
a lower frequency sound wave
simplest sound - ANS pure tone (sine wave)
Pitch - ANS the subjective measure of frequency; you cannot measure pitch with an
instrument. You can have people match pitch perception to frequencies.
Intensity - ANS amplitude or size of a sound.Adjusting volume, is adjusting the physical
intensity of sound.
Why use a logarithmic scale for intensity? - ANS This is necessary because the highest
amplitude sound we can perceive is 1 trillion times the softest sound we can perceive (120 dB).
, Loudness - ANS Perceptual characteristic of sound. Listener can judge loudness, there is
no equipment that can measure loudness. Human reaction to the amplitude of a sound. Can be
measured with a psycho-physical scale.
Greatest sensitivity to loudness is between - ANS 1,000 - 5,000 Hz, threshold is much
higher at very low or very high frequencies
Why do audiometers use HL and not SPL? - ANS to compensate for known differences in
human hearing sensitivity.
Equal loudness contours - ANS Created by presenting a known frequency (1,000 Hz) and
then other tones are played and the listener has to adjust the loudness until it sounds the same
as the 1,000 Hz tone
In order to perceive low amplitude sounds at low frequency as the same loudness as higher
frequency sounds.... - ANS have to be adjusted up a lot for them to be perceived as the
same loudness as the original sound
at high intensity, - ANS the sounds seem to be equal in loudness to intensity.
general rule is that a 6-10 dB increase - ANS is generally perceived as double as loud
Frequency Difference limen - ANS smallest change in frequency that is detectable by a
listener. As frequency increases, the DL becomes much greater
Intensity Difference limen - ANS as intensity decreases, Dls become larger
How does duration influence perception of loudness? - ANS The longer the sound, the
more audible it becomes. The more sound energy ( intensity or frequency, the more audible it
becomes) Kind of like baking a cake; increase the temp, decrease the time to a certain point.
When a fundamental is deleted: - ANS the brain compensates because in a harmonic
series, the frequencies are separated at even intervals and your brain can fill in the missing
portion. There is a qualitative difference but most people perceive the notes as being the same
as with the fundamental frequency by filling in the missing fundamental.
how many semitones in one octave - ANS 12. each semitone is a non-linear step in terms
of # of Hz from one semitone to the next. However, they all sound equal to us.
Octave - ANS a doubling or halving of the frequency. Up one octave, you double, down one
octave, you half the frequency.
A person's ability to go from soft to loud varies depending : - ANS On pitch
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