BIO 669 Renal Structure Questions And Answers With
Verified Solutions 100% Correct Latest Update
2024/2025.
Renal Fascia - ANSWER Fatty layer (can be damaged with extreme fat loss)
Cortex - ANSWER Outer portion of the kidney that contains the glomeruli and beginning of
the nephrons
Medulla - ANSWER Inner layer that contains the renal pyramids
Loop of Henle and Vasorecta - ANSWER Allows for concentration of the urine
Renal Pyramids - ANSWER Triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney and
contains the papilla (where fluid and urine will leak and drip out of)
Cortical Nephrons - ANSWER Least extending into the medulla (make up 85% of nephrons)
Juxtamedullary Nephrons - ANSWER Extend the furthest - the way humans are able to
preserve water when dehydrated
Bowmans Capsule - ANSWER Covers the glomerulus and helps to capture fluid that leaks out
of the glomerulus
Principle Cells - ANSWER Reabsorb Na+ and secrete K+ in distal tubule (help to reabsorb
sodium and get rid of potassium - they are sensitive to Aldosterone!)
Intercalated Cells - ANSWER Secrete H+ and reabsorb K+ and HCO3- (involved in acid-base
balance)
Afferent Arterioles - ANSWER Contain Juxtaglomerular cells which secrete the hormone renin
(and are very sensitive to changes in VOLUME and PRESSURE!!!)
Macula Densa - ANSWER Sensitive to SODIUM levels (so if Na+ increases in concentration -
the flow rate will increase)
Distal Convoluted Tubules - ANSWER Distal convoluted tubule contains more diluted (100
mOsm) plasma vs at the proximal convoluted tubule (300 mOsm)
Leaves the urine more diluted
Distal Convoluted Tubules and Collecting Ducts are very sensitive to: - ANSWER ADH
Filtration Slits of the Glomerular Filtration Membrane - ANSWER Allow for movement of small
molecules (Na+ and glucose in) but prevents the movement of large molecules (i.e. blood, globulins,
and globulin)
Juxtaglomerular Cells Secrete: - ANSWER Renin and sense pressure in the afferent arteriole
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