STUVIA 2024/2025
Neuro PLQ 6 - Chapter 66
altered level of consciousness (LOC) - ✔✔when a patient is not oriented, does not follow commands,
or needs persistent stimuli to achieve a state of alertness
Autoregulation - ✔✔refers to the brain's ability to change the diameter of its blood vessels to
maintain a constant cerebral blood flow during alterations in systemic blood pressure.
brain death - ✔✔irreversible loss of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem.
coma - ✔✔prolonged state of unconsciousness
craniectomy - ✔✔a surgical procedure that involves removal of a portion of the skull
craniotomy - ✔✔a surgical procedure that involves entry into the cranial vault
Cushing's repsonse - ✔✔the brain's attempt to restore blood flow by increasing arterial pressure to
overcome the increased intracranial pressure
decebration - ✔✔an abnormal body posture associated with a severe brain injury, characterized by
%
extreme extension of the upper and lower extremities
decortication - ✔✔an abnormal posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by
abnormal flexion of the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities
Diabetes Insipidus - ✔✔the most common disorder of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is
characterized by a deficiency of ADH (vasopressin). Excessive thirst (polydipsia) and large volumes
of dilute urine are manifestations of the disorder. It may occur secondary to head trauma, brain tumor,
or surgical ablation or irradiation of the pituitary gland.
Early Signs and Symptoms of Increasing ICP - ✔✔Disorientation, restlessness, increased respiratory
effort, purposeless movements, and mental confusion. These are early clinical indications of
increasing ICP because the brain cells responsible for cognition are extremely sensitive to decreased
oxygenation.
Pupillary changes and impaired extraocular movements. These occur as the increasing pressure
displaces the brain against the oculomotor and optic nerves (cranial nerves II, III, IV, and VI), which
arise from the midbrain and brainstem (see Chapter 65).
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