STUVIA 2024/2025
GEOG 150 Final Exam
(Karl Sauer) the environment offers possibilities, natural cultural groups will use it in different ways ,
thus different outcomes. - ✔✔Environmental Possibilism
*Involuntary migration during the african slave trade
1. 1840s from Germany & Ireland
2. 1870s from Ireland & Germany again
3. 1880s from Scandinavia
4. 1905-1914 from S and E Europe
5. 1950s-present from Latin American & Asia - ✔✔History of Immigration to the US
1. Consumer service (53%)
2. Business service (27%)
3. Public service (8%) - ✔✔Services
1. E Asia (25%, 1/2 of pop lives rurally)
2. S Asia (25%, majority still lives rurally)
3. Europe (10%, 3/4 live in cities)
4. SE Asia (8%, majority rural) - ✔✔4 Major Population Clusters
%
1. Hydroelectric (many Euro countries removing, destroys ecosystems)
2. Tidal Energy (small scale, generates power w/ movement of tides)
3. Wind Energy (wind turns turbines to produce energy, problem=need wind)
4. Active Solar Energy (photovoltaic cell systems/parabolic system)
5. Passive Solar Energy (design house to be solar efficient)
6. Biomass Energy (use of plants to produce energy; create gas--ethanol, methane)
7. Geothermal (pump cold liquid in to heated ground, then pump up to surface as energy) - ✔✔Types
of Renewable Energy (7)
1. Mixed crop and livestock farming (US midwest, c. Europe)
2. Dairying (NE US, SE Canada, NW Europe)
3. Grain (NC US, SC Canada, E. Europe)
4. Ranching (drylands of W US, SE S. America, c. asia, sub saharan Africa, s. Pacific)
5. Mediterranean (@ mediterranean sea, w. US, Tip of Africa and Chile)
6. Commercial gardening (SE US, SE Aus)
Plantation farming (primarily in developing countries) - ✔✔Types of Commercial Agriculture
1. Nation-state
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2. Multi-Nation state (ex. UK)
3. Nation w/out a state ("Kurdistan", Palestine)
4. Multi-Ethnic state (least stable usually, ex. USSR) - ✔✔Ethnic/Nation/State Formulations
1. protects inefficient industries
2. requires large government - ✔✔Problems with Self-Sufficiency Model
1. Relocation diffusion=people move.
2. Hierarchical Expansion diffusion=official language of the state.
3. Contagious diffusion=spread amongst the masses. - ✔✔Language Diffusion
1. Roman Catholic (51%, S Europe)
2. Protestant (24%, N Europe)
3. E. Orthodox (11%, E Europe)
Origins: branched out of Judaism (SW Asia)
Diffusion: relocation, contagious, hierarchical - ✔✔3 Branches of Christianity
Origins: split from Judaism & Christianity 600 AD
Diffusion: relocation (trade), contagious, hierarchical - ✔✔2 Branches of Islam
1. traditional society: country not yet developed, majority of people in agriculture, most wealth
allocated to non productive industries like religion.
2. pre-conditions for takeoff: begin when an elite group initiates innovative economic activity and the
country begins to invest in new tech.
3. take off: rapid growth in a select few economic industries.
4. drive to maturity: modern tech diffuses to many industries that have rapid growth; workers are more
skilled and specialized.
5. age of mass consumption: economy shifts from production of heavy industry to consumer goods. -
✔✔Rostow's Stages of Development
1. Wasted Vote: spreads opposition voters across many districts as a minority.
2. Excess Vote: concentrates opposition voters in only a few districts.
3. Stacked Vote: links distant areas of like-minded voters through oddly shaped boundaries. -
✔✔Types of Gerrymandering
150 AD--8 volume guide to Geography
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