STUVIA 2024/2025
Exam 2 - Middle Mediastinum: The Heart,
Circulation
110-120 mm Hg - ✔✔✔What is the average systolic systemic arterial pressure?
12-16 mm Hg - ✔✔✔What is the average mean pulmonary artery pressure?
18-25 mm Hg - ✔✔✔What is the average systolic pulmonary artery pressure?
1st route: Right atrium > forament ovale (bypass R ventricle, lung) > L atrium > left ventricle > aorta
2nd route: Right atrium > R ventricle > pulmonary trunk > ductus arteriosus (bypass lung) > aorta -
✔✔✔What is the flow of blood in prenatal circulation from the right atrium to the aorta?
3 semilunar cusps with nodule and lunula - ✔✔✔The aortic valve has how many cusps?
83-93 mm Hg - ✔✔✔What is the average mean systemic arterial pressure?
A-V valve - ✔✔✔The right atrioventricular orifice contains what valve?
%
acute: R ventricle
obtuse: L ventricle - ✔✔✔What are the margins of the heart?
all of the interventricular septum is supplied by septal branches from the Left coronary artery -
✔✔✔In a left coronary dominant heart, what is the blood supply of the interventricular septum?
anterior interventricular
posterior interventricular
coronary - ✔✔✔What are the sulci of the heart?
anterior interventricular - ✔✔✔Which sulci is on the left side of the anterior heart?
anterior interventricular and circumflex branches - ✔✔✔The left coronary artery splits into which
branches?
Anterior: R ventricle, L ventricle, R atrium
Diaphragmatic: L ventricle, R ventricle
Left pulmonary: L atrium and ventricle
Right pulmonary: R atrium - ✔✔✔What are the surfaces of the heart?
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aortic sinuses - ✔✔✔The wall of the aorta widens out at the cusps, forming what?
appendage from atrium (primitive atrium) - ✔✔✔What is the right auricle?
at commissures where they attach to the wall of the aorta - ✔✔✔The aortic valve cusps meet
where?
atrial branch, right marginal branch, posterior interventricular branch (posterior descending) -
✔✔✔What are the branches off the right coronary artery?
atrial septal defect (hole between atriums)
ventricular septal defect (hole between ventricles) - ✔✔✔What are common developmental
malformations?
AV bundle branches - ✔✔✔The left coronary artery septal branches from the left anterior
descending artery supply what?
AV node - ✔✔✔If the SA node isn't working, what other node can take over?
AV valves are closed
%
Aortic and pulmonary valves are open
Ventricles are forcing blood into aorta and pulmonary trunk - ✔✔✔What are the statuses of the
cardiac valves during systole, and where is blood being forced?
AV valves open
Aortic and pulmonary valves closed
Blood is passing from atria into ventricles through AV valves - ✔✔✔What are the statuses of the
cardiac valves during diastole, and where is blood going?
blood clot develops in pulmonary arteries - ✔✔✔What is a pulmonary embolism?
blood pressure and blood chemistry (involved in cardiac reflexes) - ✔✔✔Afferents that travel back to
vagus nerve sense what?
branches into interventricular septum
also gives off one or two diagonal branches to left ventricle - ✔✔✔What does the anterior
interventricular supply?
branches of both vagus nerves - ✔✔✔What is the parasympathetic innervation of the heart?
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