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ACS Organic Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide with complete solutions |Latest 2024/2025
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ACS Organic Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide with complete solutions |Latest 2024/2025
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ACS Organic Chemistry Final Exam__., __., __., __., __.,
Study Guide with complete solutions. __., __., __., __., __.,
What is the equation for Huckel's numbers? What are Huckel's numbers?
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,_
_., 4n + 2 __.,__.,__.,__.,__., __., __.,
Huckel's numbers are the number of electrons in a pi system in aromatic
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.
compounds
,
Do lone pairs contribute to hybridization?
__., __., __., __., __., __.,__., Yes
__.,
How do you draw a Lewis structure?
__., __., Determine the number of
__., __., __., __., __.,__., __., __., __., __., __.,
valence electrons for each atom and add them up
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
Attempt to form octets at each atom, counting bonds as two electrons
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
How is free energy related to acidity?
__., __., In a reaction where a proton
__., __., __., __., __.,__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __
is lost, decreasing free energy implies more stability in the products, and
., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.
thus more willingness to donate a proton, meaning more acidic.
, __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
What is the Gibbs free energy equation for an acid reaction?
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,__., __., Delta __.,
G = -RTln([A-][H3O+]/[HA][H2O])
__., __.,
What are the factors influencing acidity?
__., __., __., __., __., __.,__., __., MARIO minus M __., __.,
How do polar protic solvents affect SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions?
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,__., __.,
Polar protic solvents stabilize the carbocations intermediate in SN1 and E1
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., _
, reactions, and they do not hinder E2 reactions, but they will block the
_., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
stereocenter/alpha carbon in SN2 reactions. __., __., __., __.,
How does size of a molecule affect nucleophilicity in polar protic vs
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
polar aprotic solvents?__.,Larger size in polar protic —
__., __.,__., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
> greater nucleophilicity
__., __.,
Smaller size in polar aprotic —> greater nucleophilicity
__., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
Do non- __.,
polar solvents favor unimolecular or bimolecular mechanisms in substitutio
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
n elimination reactions?
__., Bimolecular, because the charged leaving
__., __.,__., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
group does not want to leave into a non-polar environment
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
-al __.,
-ol or hydroxy-
__., __.,
-one
-oic acid __.,
-oate __.,
-ether or alkoxy- __., __.,
Iodo- or Bromo- etc. __., __., __., __.,
-amide
Amino- or -amine __., __., __.,__., __.,Aldehyde
Alcohol
Ketone
, Carboxylic acid __.,
Ester
Ether
Alkyl halides __.,
Amide
Amine
Constitutional Isomer A compound with the same atoms but differen
__., __.,__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
t atoms bonded to each other
__., __., __., __., __.,
Stereoisomers __.,__., __.,Molecules with the same atoms differing only in 3D
__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.
configuration
,
Enantiomers Stereoisomers with exactly opposite stereochemical
__.,__., __., __., __., __., __., __.
designations at all stereogenic carbons
, __., __., __., __.,
Diasteriomers Stereoisomers with several changes in the
__.,__., __., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
stereochemical designations of stereogenic carbons (not completely
__., __., __., __., __., __., __.,
opposite)
R __.,__., __., Clockwise
S __.,__., Counterclockwise
__.,
cis __.,__., Same
__.,
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