Structure and Function of the Body 16th Edition
2024 Patton Test Bank - Questions and Answers, All
Chapters 1-22
bilateral symmetry - the left and right sides of the body roughly mirror each other
supine - body is lying face upward
prone - body is lying face downward
superior - toward the head; upper, above
inferior - toward the feet; lower, below
anterior - front; in front of; ventral
posterior - back; in back of; dorsal
medial - toward the midline of the body
lateral - toward the side of the body or away from its midline
proximal - toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest the point of origin of one
of its parts
distal - away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part
superficial - nearer the surface
deep - farther away from the body surface
sagittal plane - a sagittal cut or sections runs along a lengthwise plane running from
front to back. it divides the body or any of its parts into left and right sides
midsagittal plane - divides the body into two equal halves vertically
frontal (coronal) plane - lengthwise plane running from side to side; divides the body or
any of its parts into anterior and posterior (front and back) portions
transverse plane - horizontal or crosswise plane; divides the body or any of its parts into
upper and lower portions
, oblique plane - a cut along a plane that is not parallel to the other planes; slanted
anatomy - the study of an organism and the relationships of its parts; derived from two
word parts that mean "cutting apart"; dissection
dissection - process of cutting the human body apart for learning
physiology - the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
scientific method - systematic approach to discovery; 1) propose hypothesis - idea or
principle to be tested 2) experimentation - series of tests of a hypothesis (a controlled
experiment eliminates biases or outside influences) 3) theory or law - a hypothesis that
has been supported by experiments and thus shown to have a high degree of
confidence
experimental controls - used to ensure that the test situation is not affecting the results
test group - The experimental group that is exposed to the variable in an experiment.
control group - the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
theory or law - a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence
levels of organization - chemical level , organelle level, cellular level, tissue level, organ
level, organ system level, organism level
chemical level - atoms and molecules
cells - smallest "living" units of structure and function; organizations of various
chemicals
tissues - an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function
organs - a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged in ways that allow them to
act as a unit to perform a special function
systems - an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can work
together to perform complex functions for the body
organism - organization of all systems together, forming a whole body
microbiome - set of interacting communities of bacteria and other microorganisms that
inhabit the human body; influences normal body funtion
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